Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

869
Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
869
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

13.4K
Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
13.4K
Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

19.9K
Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...
19.9K
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

6.1K
PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
6.1K
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

24.3K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
24.3K
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

61.2K
Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
61.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Chromatin state architecture governs transcription factor accessibility across plant genomes.

PLoS genetics·2026
Same author

Evolutionary trade-off between stomatal defense and gas exchange in Brassicaceae.

Current biology : CB·2025
Same author

Host-mediated endophyte-pathogen competition in roots enables asymptomatic fungal colonization in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Plant & cell physiology·2025
Same author

Accurate Tracking of Arabidopsis Root Cortex Cell Nuclei in 3D Time-Lapse Microscopy Images Based on Genetic Algorithm.

IEEE transactions on computational biology and bioinformatics·2025
Same author

Extensive N4 cytosine methylation is essential for Marchantia sperm function.

Cell·2025
Same author

Population genomics of Marchantia polymorpha subsp. ruderalis reveals evidence of climate adaptation.

Current biology : CB·2025
Same journal

Living sensors: Engineering plants to sense and report on their environments.

Current opinion in plant biology·2026
Same journal

Connecting the dots in plant metabolism: Isotopic labeling and metabolic flux analysis.

Current opinion in plant biology·2026
Same journal

Seeds in suspension: Cell type-specific control of seed dormancy and germination initiation.

Current opinion in plant biology·2026
Same journal

Amino acid sensing and signaling in plants.

Current opinion in plant biology·2026
Same journal

No energy, no defense: Metabolic input shapes defense signaling.

Current opinion in plant biology·2026
Same journal

Bridging paradoxes in recombination at NLR cluster: A structural genomics perspective.

Current opinion in plant biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster
09:39

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

Published on: August 21, 2014

22.0K

Small RNAs as positional signal for pattern formation.

Tetsuya Hisanaga1, Shunsuke Miyashima1, Keiji Nakajima2

  • 1Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.

Current Opinion in Plant Biology
|July 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant cells use small RNAs (sRNAs) for non-cell-autonomous signaling, regulating crucial developmental processes. This cell-to-cell communication is vital for plant evolution and morphology.

More Related Videos

Production of Xenopus tropicalis Egg Extracts to Identify Microtubule-associated RNAs
10:01

Production of Xenopus tropicalis Egg Extracts to Identify Microtubule-associated RNAs

Published on: June 27, 2013

15.5K
Preparation of Small RNA Libraries for Sequencing from Early Mouse Embryos
08:37

Preparation of Small RNA Libraries for Sequencing from Early Mouse Embryos

Published on: October 9, 2020

6.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster
09:39

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

Published on: August 21, 2014

22.0K
Production of Xenopus tropicalis Egg Extracts to Identify Microtubule-associated RNAs
10:01

Production of Xenopus tropicalis Egg Extracts to Identify Microtubule-associated RNAs

Published on: June 27, 2013

15.5K
Preparation of Small RNA Libraries for Sequencing from Early Mouse Embryos
08:37

Preparation of Small RNA Libraries for Sequencing from Early Mouse Embryos

Published on: October 9, 2020

6.0K

Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Molecular genetics

Background:

  • Plant pattern formation relies on cell-cell communication for positional information.
  • While ligand-receptor interactions are common, plants also use plasmodesmata for direct molecule exchange.
  • Endogenous small RNAs (sRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their non-cell-autonomous functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of endogenous small RNAs (sRNAs) in plant cell-to-cell communication.
  • To understand how sRNA-mediated signaling contributes to plant development and evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on sRNA function in plant development.
  • Analysis of documented processes regulated by non-cell-autonomous sRNAs.

Main Results:

  • Non-cell-autonomous sRNAs regulate diverse developmental processes including leaf polarity, root vascular patterning, and meristem maintenance.
  • These sRNAs are involved in embryo development and female gametogenesis.
  • sRNA-mediated signaling is crucial for fundamental aspects of plant life cycles.

Conclusions:

  • sRNA-mediated cell-to-cell signaling is a conserved mechanism in plants.
  • This signaling pathway has been instrumental in achieving novel plant morphologies during evolution.
  • Understanding sRNA function is key to comprehending plant development and evolutionary innovation.