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Related Concept Videos

General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Transcription Factors02:16

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Master Transcription Regulators02:23

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Methods for the Modulation and Analysis of NF-κB-dependent Adult Neurogenesis
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Core promoter factor TAF9B regulates neuronal gene expression.

Francisco J Herrera1, Teppei Yamaguchi2, Henk Roelink3

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States CIRM Center of Excellence, Li Ka Shing Center For Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States fjherrera@berkeley.edu.

Elife
|July 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The TAF9B protein is crucial for motor neuron gene activation during differentiation. This factor binds neuronal gene promoters and enhancers, influencing cell-specific transcription in vivo and in vitro.

Keywords:
TBP-associated factor TAFmotor neuronsneuronal enhancersneuronal gene expressionstem cellstranscription factors

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • Core promoter recognition complexes regulate cell-type specific gene transcription.
  • Diversification of these complexes is an emerging area of study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the role of the orphan TBP-associated factor TAF9B in neuronal differentiation.
  • Determine TAF9B's function in transcriptional regulation of neuronal genes.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro motor neuron differentiation assays.
  • Analysis of TAF9B binding to gene promoters and enhancers.
  • Co-localization studies with OLIG2.
  • Biochemical analysis of TAF9B complex association (PCAF vs. TFIID).
  • In vivo studies using Taf9b knockout (KO) mice spinal cord.

Main Results:

  • TAF9B is selectively upregulated during in vitro motor neuron differentiation.
  • TAF9B is essential for the transcriptional induction of specific neuronal genes but not global gene expression in ES cells.
  • TAF9B binds to promoters and enhancers of neuronal genes, partially co-localizing with OLIG2.
  • In neurons, TAF9B preferentially associates with PCAF over TFIID.
  • TAF9B regulates neuronal gene transcription in vivo in spinal cord.

Conclusions:

  • TAF9B plays a critical role in regulating neuronal gene transcription.
  • Alternative core promoter complexes, involving factors like TAF9B, are key to maintaining specific transcriptional programs in terminally differentiated cells.