Major congenital malformations in barbados: the prevalence, the pattern, and the resulting morbidity and mortality

Area of Science:

• Pediatrics
• Public Health
• Genetics

Background:

• Major congenital malformations (MCMs) represent a significant global health concern.
• Understanding the prevalence and patterns of MCMs is crucial for effective public health interventions and resource allocation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the prevalence and patterns of major congenital malformations in a national cohort.
• To determine the contribution of MCMs to perinatal morbidity and mortality.

Main Methods:

• A retrospective, population-based study was conducted from 1993 to 2012.
• Data were collected from birth registers, neonatal admission records, and patient files at the sole national facility for sick newborns.
• The study included all major congenital malformations identified in newborns during the specified period.

Main Results:

• The prevalence of MCMs was 59/10,000 live births and 399/10,000 stillbirths.
• Malformations of the circulatory system were the most frequent, accounting for 20% of all MCMs.
• Down syndrome was the most common individual MCM (4.1/10,000 live births), with a significant increase in overall prevalence observed over time.
• MCMs were responsible for 14% of all neonatal deaths.

Conclusions:

• Less than 1% of live newborns experience major congenital malformations, predominantly affecting the circulatory system.
• Major congenital malformations significantly impact neonatal morbidity and mortality within the studied population.