Maxillary anterior ridge augmentation with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2

Area of Science:

• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Regenerative Medicine
• Biomaterials Science

Background:

• Lateral ridge augmentation is crucial for dental implant success in atrophic maxilla.
• Limited human data exists for using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) on an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) as a sole graft for large defects.
• Current augmentation techniques often involve autogenous bone grafts, which have associated morbidity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of lateral ridge augmentation in large maxillary anterior defects using rhBMP-2/ACS as the sole graft material.
• To assess the efficacy of rhBMP-2/ACS in achieving horizontal bone gain.
• To investigate the predictability of this regenerative approach.

Main Methods:

• A case series of twenty patients with large maxillary anterior lateral ridge defects were treated.
• rhBMP-2/ACS was used as the sole bone graft material, secured with fixation screws for space maintenance.
• Cone beam volumetric tomography (CBVT) was employed for pre- and post-operative measurements of ridge width.
• Bone core biopsies were obtained for histological analysis.

Main Results:

• All twenty treated sites demonstrated an increase in horizontal ridge width.
• The mean horizontal ridge gain across all sites was 1.2 mm.
• No major complications were reported during the observation period.

Conclusions:

• rhBMP-2/ACS is a viable and effective sole graft material for lateral ridge augmentation in large maxillary anterior defects.
• This regenerative approach consistently achieves horizontal bone gain, offering a potential alternative to autogenous bone grafting.
• Further studies are warranted to explore long-term stability and histological outcomes.