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Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
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Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV), Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry (CSV), and Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry (AdSV) are electrochemical techniques used to determine trace amounts of analytes in solution. These methods involve applying a potential to an electrode and measuring the resulting current.
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Effects of EDTA on End-Point Detection Methods01:18

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Different methods, such as visual observance of metal-ion indicators, spectroscopic techniques, and potentiometric methods, can determine the endpoint of an EDTA titration.
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Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

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Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
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Forensic discrimination of copper wire using trace element concentrations.

Joshua R Dettman1, Alyssa A Cassabaum, Christopher P Saunders

  • 1Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Laboratory Division , 2501 Investigation Parkway, Quantico, Virginia 22135, United States.

Analytical Chemistry
|July 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Forensic analysis of copper using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry can link crime scene samples to suspects. This method accurately differentiates copper sources, aiding criminal investigations.

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Copper is frequently recovered as evidence in criminal investigations, including theft and improvised explosive device (IED) incidents.
  • Trace element analysis of copper can provide crucial associative evidence linking crime scenes to suspects.
  • Existing methods may require enhancement for precise discrimination between copper sources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a solution-based inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method for trace element analysis in high-purity copper.
  • To assess the method's capability in statistically discriminating between copper samples based on their trace element profiles.
  • To determine the forensic utility of trace element profiling for copper evidence comparison.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a solution-based ICP-MS method for quantifying trace elements in high-purity copper.
  • Utilized standard reference materials for method validation.
  • Employed multivariate parametric and empirical data simulation models with bootstrap resampling to estimate discriminating power.
  • Compared copper samples representing within-source and between-source variability based on refining and production processes.

Main Results:

  • The developed ICP-MS method demonstrated the ability to statistically discriminate between copper samples.
  • With a 5% false exclusion rate, the parametric model correctly identified different copper sources in >90% of cases.
  • The empirical-based approach achieved >87% correct source determination.
  • The method accounts for measurement precision and manufacturing process variations.

Conclusions:

  • The developed ICP-MS method shows significant potential for the forensic comparison of copper evidence.
  • Trace element profiling provides a reliable means to differentiate copper origins in criminal investigations.
  • This analytical approach can enhance investigative support by providing probative associative evidence.