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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

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The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
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Acute Inflammation II: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation II: Local and Systemic Effects

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Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
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Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
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Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair01:24

Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair

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The immune system's inflammatory response destroys the invading pathogen, permitting the tissue to heal. The changes during the cellular and vascular stages allow exudate formation at the site of inflammation. The inflammatory exudate released from the wound has high protein content and a specific gravity above 1.020.
The typical wound exudate is odorless, transparent, straw-colored, thin, and watery. Exudate, however, can differ depending on the state of wound healing. Likewise, the...
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Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response01:26

Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response

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Acute inflammation is a rapid, short-lived physiological response to tissue injury or infection, designed to eliminate harmful agents and initiate repair. This tightly regulated process typically lasts from minutes to several days and is triggered by factors such as microbial invasion, physical trauma, or chemical injury.Recognition and Mediator ReleaseThe inflammatory response begins when resident immune cells—such as mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells—detect...
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Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

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Overview
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Isolation of Leukocytes from the Human Maternal-fetal Interface
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Published on: May 21, 2015

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Inflammatory response in maternal serum during preterm labour.

I Tency1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University ; Department of Midwifery, Catholic University College HUB-KAHO, Sint-Niklaas.

Facts, Views & Vision in Obgyn
|July 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of infant mortality. This study investigated maternal serum inflammatory markers to better diagnose and predict PTB, a condition often linked to subclinical intrauterine infections.

Keywords:
MMPMMP:TIMP imbalancePreterm laborTIMPbiomarkerscytokineshuman parturitionmaternal serumsTREM-1

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A Murine Model of Fetal Exposure to Maternal Inflammation to Study the Effects of Acute Chorioamnionitis on Newborn Intestinal Development
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Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface
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A Murine Model of Fetal Exposure to Maternal Inflammation to Study the Effects of Acute Chorioamnionitis on Newborn Intestinal Development
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A Murine Model of Fetal Exposure to Maternal Inflammation to Study the Effects of Acute Chorioamnionitis on Newborn Intestinal Development

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Immunology
  • Perinatal Medicine

Background:

  • Preterm birth (PTB) before 37 weeks of gestation is a major global health concern, leading to significant perinatal morbidity and mortality.
  • Accurate diagnosis and prediction of PTB remain challenging, despite a known causal link with intrauterine infection and inflammation.
  • Current diagnostic methods for intrauterine infection are often invasive, highlighting the need for non-invasive approaches to assess maternal inflammatory responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate maternal serum inflammatory markers in women experiencing labor (term or preterm) compared to non-laboring controls.
  • To identify potential non-invasive biomarkers for diagnosing and predicting preterm birth.
  • To explore the relationship between maternal systemic inflammation and the onset of labor.

Main Methods:

  • A nested case-control study was conducted with singleton pregnancies recruited at Ghent University Hospital.
  • Participants were categorized based on gestational age and labor status (term labor, preterm labor, non-laboring controls).
  • Maternal serum was analyzed for multiple proteins, including soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and a panel of 30 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors using enzyme-linked and multiplex bead immunoassays.

Main Results:

  • The study evaluated a comprehensive panel of inflammatory markers in maternal serum.
  • Specific inflammatory markers were quantified to assess differences between laboring and non-laboring groups.
  • Analysis focused on proteins involved in immune response, matrix degradation, and cellular signaling.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal serum inflammatory markers may offer a non-invasive window into the processes initiating labor and preterm birth.
  • Identifying specific biomarkers could improve the clinical diagnosis and prediction of PTB.
  • Further research is warranted to validate these findings and their clinical utility in managing preterm birth.