Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Transmission Electron Microscopy01:15

Transmission Electron Microscopy

6.1K
In 1931, physicist Ernst Ruska—building on the idea that magnetic fields can direct an electron beam just as lenses can direct a beam of light in an optical microscope—developed the first prototype of the electron microscope. This development led to the development of the field of electron microscopy. In the transmission electron microscope (TEM), electrons are produced by a hot tungsten element and accelerated by a potential difference in an electron gun, which gives them up to 400...
6.1K
Overview of Electron Microscopy01:25

Overview of Electron Microscopy

11.6K
The wavelengths of visible light ultimately limit the maximum theoretical resolution of images created by light microscopes. Most light microscopes can only magnify 1000X, and a few can magnify up to 1500X. Electrons, like electromagnetic radiation, can behave like waves, but with wavelengths of 0.005 nm, they produce significantly greater resolution up to 0.05 nm as compared to 500 nm for visible light. An electron microscope (EM) can create a sharp image that is magnified up to 2,000,000X.
11.6K
Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

5.1K
A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
Fundamental Principles
Accelerated...
5.1K
Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

2.0K
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...
2.0K
Applications of EMF Measurements01:26

Applications of EMF Measurements

121
Electromotive force (EMF) measurements have a broad range of applications in various fields, including chemistry and physics. The electrochemical series, an arrangement of elements in order of their standard electrode potentials, can be determined through EMF measurements. Elements with lower standard potentials can reduce ions of elements with higher standard potentials.The standard cell potential, E°, allows for the calculation of the standard reaction Gibbs energy, ΔG°, and...
121

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Environmental modulation of small-scale exploration in weakly electric fish.

The Journal of experimental biology·2026
Same author

Understanding Electro-communication and Electro-sensing in Weakly Electric Fish using Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning.

ArXiv·2025
Same author

Ultra-high-density Neuropixels probes improve detection and identification in neuronal recordings.

Neuron·2025
Same author

Direct cerebellar control over motor production in a species with extreme cerebellar enlargement.

Current biology : CB·2025
Same author

Tracking spatial patterns and daily modulation of behavior in a natural population of the pulse-type weakly electric fish, <i>Gymnotus omarorum</i>.

iScience·2025
Same author

The sensory-effector cycle, contributions from a native species.

Neuroscience·2025
Same journal

DeepMethylation: A deep learning framework for tissue-specific DNA methylation prediction and functional variant annotation.

PLoS computational biology·2026
Same journal

Redefining and estimating the early-phase reproduction ratio for epidemic outbreaks in spatially structured populations.

PLoS computational biology·2026
Same journal

Optimized phenotype definitions boost GWAS power.

PLoS computational biology·2026
Same journal

Detection, communication, and individual identification with deep audio embeddings: A case study with North Atlantic right whales.

PLoS computational biology·2026
Same journal

Exploring the structural lexicon of the Proteome via Metric Geometry.

PLoS computational biology·2026
Same journal

Linking retinal sampling in neural encoding models to temporal profiles of visual processing in humans.

PLoS computational biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy of Extracellular Vesicles in Three Dimensions
09:36

Direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy of Extracellular Vesicles in Three Dimensions

Published on: August 26, 2021

3.7K

Electric imaging through evolution, a modeling study of commonalities and differences.

Federico Pedraja1, Pedro Aguilera2, Angel A Caputi2

  • 1Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.

Plos Computational Biology
|July 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study models electric fish sensory systems, revealing how complex electric organ discharges shape electric images. American electric fish possess weaker fields, enabling detailed short-range communication and predator detection.

More Related Videos

Imaging Membrane Potential with Two Types of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Voltage Sensors
09:57

Imaging Membrane Potential with Two Types of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Voltage Sensors

Published on: February 4, 2016

10.2K
Imaging C. elegans Embryos using an Epifluorescent Microscope and Open Source Software
08:32

Imaging C. elegans Embryos using an Epifluorescent Microscope and Open Source Software

Published on: March 24, 2011

29.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy of Extracellular Vesicles in Three Dimensions
09:36

Direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy of Extracellular Vesicles in Three Dimensions

Published on: August 26, 2021

3.7K
Imaging Membrane Potential with Two Types of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Voltage Sensors
09:57

Imaging Membrane Potential with Two Types of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Voltage Sensors

Published on: February 4, 2016

10.2K
Imaging C. elegans Embryos using an Epifluorescent Microscope and Open Source Software
08:32

Imaging C. elegans Embryos using an Epifluorescent Microscope and Open Source Software

Published on: March 24, 2011

29.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Bioelectricity
  • Sensory Ecology

Background:

  • Understanding electric fish sensory perception requires modeling electric fields and images.
  • Complex electric organ discharges challenge existing electroreception modeling methods like the boundary element method.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a generalized simulator for electric image analysis in electric fish with complex electric organs.
  • To investigate the relationship between electric organ discharge complexity, electric field characteristics, and electric image formation.
  • To compare sensory roles of different body regions across electric fish species.

Main Methods:

  • Developed and applied a direct method for calculating electric images, considering electric organ structure, physiology, and fish tissue properties.
  • Studied three species of Gymnotiformes (wave-type and pulse-type) with varying electric organ complexity.
  • Calculated equivalent source distributions from experimental measurements.

Main Results:

  • Electric organ discharge complexity directly influences electric field features and electric image characteristics.
  • Generalizes the 'electrosensory fovea' hypothesis: perioral region for detailed object exploration, body periphery for motion detection.
  • American electric fish (Gymnotiformes) exhibit weaker electric fields compared to African species, linked to distributed electric organs.

Conclusions:

  • The developed simulator provides a versatile tool for studying electric fish sensory systems.
  • Species-specific electric field strengths and sensory roles are adaptations for communication and survival.
  • Weaker fields in Gymnotiformes may facilitate site-specific signaling and predator avoidance strategies.