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Hidden scale invariance in condensed matter.

Jeppe C Dyre1

  • 1DNRF Center "Glass and Time", IMFUFA, Department of Sciences, Roskilde University , P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|July 12, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Many liquids and solids exhibit hidden scale invariance, simplifying their phase diagrams. This property, known as isomorphs, makes structure and dynamics predictable across different conditions for van der Waals systems and metals.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Statistical mechanics
  • Physical chemistry

Background:

  • Many liquids and solids possess an approximate hidden scale invariance.
  • This invariance implies the existence of isomorphs in thermodynamic phase diagrams.
  • Isomorphs are lines along which structure and dynamics remain invariant in reduced units.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the theory behind hidden scale invariance in condensed matter.
  • To present evidence supporting the existence of isomorphs from simulations and experiments.
  • To explain how isomorphs simplify the understanding of phase diagrams.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical review of scale invariance and isomorph theory.
  • Analysis of computer simulations of condensed matter systems.
  • Examination of experimental data for various materials.

Main Results:

  • Identified hidden scale invariance as a key property in many liquids and solids.
  • Demonstrated that isomorphs effectively render the phase diagram one-dimensional for certain properties.
  • Showed that van der Waals systems, metals, and weakly ionic/dipolar systems exhibit isomorphs.
  • Highlighted that systems with directional bonding or strong Coulomb forces lack this invariance.

Conclusions:

  • Hidden scale invariance and isomorphs provide a powerful framework for understanding condensed matter.
  • The concept simplifies the prediction of material properties across diverse thermodynamic conditions.
  • This principle is broadly applicable to van der Waals systems, metals, and weakly interacting substances.