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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Therapy01:25

Cognitive Therapy

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Cognitive therapy, pioneered by Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s, is a structured approach to addressing psychological distress by focusing on the influence of thoughts on emotions and behaviors. All cognitive therapies involve the basic assumption that human beings have control over their feelings, and that how individuals feel about something depends on how they think about it. Unlike psychoanalytic methods that delve into unconscious processes or humanistic approaches emphasizing...
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Blind Procedures02:07

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Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...
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Cognitive bias results from limitations in thinking and information processing, leading to systematic errors in judgment. Conversely, motivational bias stems from personal desires or emotions, causing distortions in perception to align with self-interest. Motivational bias influences how individuals perceive and attribute causes to events, often shaped by personal needs, goals, and self-esteem preservation. This bias can distort judgment, leading to inaccurate assessments of success, failure,...
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Unrealistic Optimism Bias01:30

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Unrealistic optimism bias is the tendency to overestimate the likelihood of positive outcomes. This cognitive bias makes individuals believe they are less likely to experience failures, setbacks, or risks and more likely to succeed than others. For example, people may assume they are less prone to health issues, accidents, or financial struggles than their peers, even when they share similar risk factors.One key component of this bias is the above-average effect, where individuals perceive...
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Blinding01:11

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Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
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Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

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Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:  
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression
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Cognitive bias modification to prevent depression (COPE): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Osvaldo P Almeida1, Colin MacLeod, Andrew Ford

  • 1Western Australian Centre for Health & Ageing (M573), Centre for Medical Research of the Perkins Institute for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. osvaldo.almeida@uwa.edu.au.

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Cognitive bias modification (CBM) may prevent major depressive episodes in adults with subsyndromal depression. This internet-delivered intervention targets cognitive biases linked to depression, offering a novel preventive strategy.

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Psychology
  • Psychiatry
  • Mental Health Interventions

Background:

  • Depression is a major global cause of disability, with suboptimal treatment efficacy and common symptom recurrence.
  • Existing preventive strategies for depression are limited, highlighting the need for novel approaches.
  • Cognitive bias modification (CBM) is a promising intervention targeting attentional and interpretive biases associated with depression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if CBM reduces the one-year onset of major depressive episodes in adults with subsyndromal depression.
  • To evaluate CBM's efficacy as a preventive strategy for depression.
  • To assess the impact of CBM on attentional and interpretive biases.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial involving 532 Australian adults with subsyndromal depression symptoms.
  • Participants received internet-delivered CBM targeting depressive cognitive biases over 52 weeks.
  • Primary outcome: onset of a major depressive episode (DSM-IV-TR criteria) over 12 months. Secondary outcomes included PHQ-9 scores and bias changes.

Main Results:

  • The study aimed to assess the primary outcome of major depressive episode onset.
  • Secondary outcomes included changes in depressive symptom severity (PHQ-9), medication use, and cognitive biases.
  • Assessments were conducted online at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post-randomization.

Conclusions:

  • The study tests an innovative, theoretically grounded intervention with growing empirical support for mood effects.
  • CBM is simple, inexpensive, and accessible, with potential for widespread clinical application.
  • If effective, CBM could play a significant role in depression prevention.