MicroRNAs expression profiles in cardiovascular diseases.

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Molecular Biology
• Cardiology

Background:

• Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) exhibit high morbidity and mortality globally.
• Current diagnostic markers for CVDs require improvement.
• microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as significant regulatory molecules in gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the biogenesis, maturation, and stability of miRNAs.
• To explore the potential of circulating miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for cardiovascular pathologies.
• To summarize the utility of miRNAs in diagnosing coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), and heart failure (HF).

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on miRNA biogenesis and function.
• Analysis of studies investigating circulating miRNAs in cardiovascular diseases.
• Synthesis of current evidence on miRNA as biomarkers for CAD, MI, and HF.

Main Results:

• miRNAs regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally.
• Circulating miRNAs are implicated in aging-related signaling pathways.
• Specific miRNAs show potential as biomarkers for acute and chronic cardiovascular conditions.

Conclusions:

• miRNAs represent a novel class of biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases.
• Further research into miRNA stability and detection methods is warranted.
• miRNAs hold promise for early and accurate diagnosis of CAD, MI, and HF.