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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Effects of Surgical Masks on Cardiopulmonary Function in Healthy Subjects
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Published on: February 12, 2021

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Cardiovascular function in healthy Himalayan high-altitude dwellers.

R M Bruno1, A Cogo2, L Ghiadoni3

  • 1Institute of Clinical Physiology - CNR, Pisa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy.

Atherosclerosis
|July 12, 2014
PubMed
Summary

High-altitude Sherpas show impaired systemic vascular function, including reduced brachial artery dilation and altered carotid artery structure, suggesting microcirculatory dysfunction. Their unique adaptation to hypoxia impacts vascular health differently than expected.

Keywords:
Arterial stiffnessCarotid remodelingEchocardiographyEndothelial functionHigh altitudeHypoxia

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Last Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Effects of Surgical Masks on Cardiopulmonary Function in Healthy Subjects
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Published on: February 12, 2021

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • High-Altitude Adaptation
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Himalayan populations exhibit unique adaptations to chronic hypoxia, particularly in pulmonary vasculature.
  • Systemic vascular function in high-altitude residents remains largely unexplored.
  • This study investigates vascular function and structure in Sherpas at high altitude versus sea-level Caucasians.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate systemic vascular function and structure in a rural Sherpa population living at high altitude (HA) in Nepal.
  • To compare vascular parameters between HA Sherpas and a control group (C) of Caucasian subjects living at sea level.

Main Methods:

  • Enrolled 95 HA Sherpas and 64 Caucasian controls.
  • Assessed cardiac ultrasound, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), carotid artery geometry and stiffness, and aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV).
  • Repeated FMD measurements in 11 HA subjects after 1-hour 100% oxygen administration.

Main Results:

  • HA Sherpas demonstrated significantly lower FMD and hyperemic velocity compared to controls.
  • HA Sherpas exhibited higher systolic pulmonary pressure but similar aortic PWV.
  • Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was lower in HA Sherpas, with a larger diameter and increased wall stress.

Conclusions:

  • High-altitude Sherpas exhibit reduced nitric oxide-mediated brachial artery dilation, linked to impaired microcirculation.
  • A distinct carotid artery phenotype (reduced IMT, enlarged diameter) was observed in the HA population.
  • Oxygen administration did not alter measured vascular parameters, suggesting chronic adaptive changes.