Heterotopic ossification after transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion without bone morphogenetic protein use

Scott C Wagner¹, Daniel G Kang¹, Melvin D Helgeson¹

• ¹Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA; Division of Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA.