Effect of renin inhibition on adipokines in diabetic rats
Amal Hassanin1, Hala Abdel Malek1
1Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Mansoura University, Egypt.
Abstract:
Insulin resistance predicts development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Adipocytes release tumor Necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and adiponectin. They modulate whole-body insulin sensitivity . The disturbance in the relationship between good and bad adipokines may cause insulin resistance. The renin-angiotensin aldosteron system (RAAS) plays a role in DM and the consequence of cardiovascular complications development. It is considered as a target for therapy. The present objective examined the relationship between renin angiotensin system and DM. There were, Group (1): Normal non obese rats, Group (2): Obese diabetic rats, Group (3): Obese diabetic rats with telmisartan, Group (4): Obese diabetic rats with enalapril, Group (5): Obese diabetic rats with aliskiren. There was a significant increase in serum glucose, lipid profile [triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), total serum cholesterol (TC)], tumor Necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA) and a significant decrease in adiponectin associated with minor changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the obese diabetic rats. Administration of telmisartan, enalapril and or aliskiren caused a significant improvement in serum lipid profile and adiponectin, a minor improvement in SOD activity, a decrease in TNF-α and or MDA. Renin angiotensin blockers significantly improve the metabolism and oxidative dysfunctions in Type 2 DM and aliskiren may show a promising powerful therapy.
Insights
The renin-angiotensin system influences type 2 diabetes. Blocking this system with drugs like telmisartan, enalapril, and aliskiren improves metabolic and oxidative issues in diabetic rats.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Syndrome
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Insulin resistance is a precursor to type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).
- Adipokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-alpha and adiponectin) secreted by adipocytes regulate insulin sensitivity.
- Dysregulation of adipokine balance contributes to insulin resistance and cardiovascular complications in DM, implicating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between the renin-angiotensin system and type 2 diabetes.
- To evaluate the therapeutic potential of RAAS blockers in a rodent model of type 2 diabetes.
Main Methods:
- Comparison of five groups of rats: normal non-obese, obese diabetic, and obese diabetic treated with telmisartan, enalapril, or aliskiren.
- Assessment of serum glucose, lipid profiles (triglycerides, LDL, total cholesterol), adipokines (TNF-α, adiponectin), and oxidative stress markers (MDA, SOD).
Main Results:
- Obese diabetic rats exhibited elevated glucose, lipids, TNF-α, and MDA, with decreased adiponectin and minor changes in SOD.
- Treatment with telmisartan, enalapril, and aliskiren significantly improved lipid profiles, adiponectin levels, and reduced TNF-α and MDA.
- RAAS blockers demonstrated minor improvements in SOD activity.
Conclusions:
- Renin-angiotensin blockers effectively improve metabolic and oxidative dysfunctions in type 2 diabetes.
- Aliskiren shows promise as a potent therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes management.
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