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Reduced glucocorticoid receptor expression predicts bladder tumor recurrence and progression
Hitoshi Ishiguro1, Takashi Kawahara1, Yichun Zheng1
1From the Departments of Pathology and Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.
American Journal of Clinical Pathology
|July 13, 2014
Summary
Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression is lower in bladder tumors than normal tissue and decreases with higher tumor grade. Low GR expression predicts recurrence in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Urology
Background:
- Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression levels and prognostic significance in bladder cancer are not well-established.
- Understanding GR's role may offer new therapeutic targets for bladder cancer.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in bladder tumors.
- To determine the prognostic value of GR expression in bladder cancer.
Main Methods:
- Immunohistochemical staining for GR in bladder tumor and matched non-neoplastic bladder tissues.
- Statistical analysis including Kaplan-Meier, log-rank tests, and multivariate analysis.
Main Results:
- GR expression was significantly lower in bladder tumors (87%) compared to non-neoplastic urothelium (96%).
- GR expression decreased with increasing tumor grade (high-grade: 47% vs. low-grade: 79%) and invasiveness (muscle-invasive: 40% vs. non-muscle-invasive: 73%).
- Low GR expression was a significant predictor of recurrence in non-muscle-invasive bladder tumors.
Conclusions:
- Bladder tumors exhibit downregulated GR expression compared to normal tissue.
- Decreased GR expression correlates with higher tumor grade and invasiveness.
- Reduced GR expression serves as an independent prognosticator for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer recurrence.
