[Capillaries of living systems: natural nanomechanisms of the functioning]

This article summarizes the literature and research data that concerns role of capillaries in the functioning of natural nanomechanisms in living systems. Physiologically active substances the body--essential and non-essential amino-acids, neurotransmitters (epinephrine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine), vitamins (retinol, ergocalciferol, etc.), albumin, ATP, DNA, RNA, fibrinogen and others--are at the nanoscale size. Natural nanostructures are ion channels of biological membranes, colloidal solutions of the body (blood, interstitial fluid). Only in recent years, scientists have begun to more actively explore the role of capillaries in the functioning of organs and body with position of natural nanomechanisms. To the nanomechanisms in functioning capillaries in the body of living systems maybe contribute: wall capillaries, vascular endothelium, as nanostructures, capillary forces, biological nanomotors, ion channels, surface tension and surface energy of nanoparticles, and such processes and phenomena as nanohydrophobic shift or "lotus-effect" double electric layer, entropy that occur in the structures of the body. The significance of water flow processes in capillaries studied enough. Establishing nanomechanisms in functioning capillaries in living systems requires an interdisciplinary approach involving different specialists in physics, chemistry, biology, physiology, pharmacology and toxicology.