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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
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Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

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Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
The two main cell...
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Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

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Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Flow Cytometry to Estimate Leukemia Stem Cells in Primary Acute Myeloid Leukemia and in Patient-derived-xenografts, at Diagnosis and Follow Up
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[Leukemia stem cell and clonal evolution].

Akihide Yoshimi, Mineo Kurokawa

    Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
    |July 15, 2014
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Next-generation sequencing reveals acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has underestimated clonal evolution. Subclones present at diagnosis acquire mutations, influencing treatment resistance and relapse, impacting targeted therapy development.

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    Author Spotlight: Identification and Isolation of Quiescent Leukemia Stem Cells from Zebrafish T-ALL
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    Area of Science:

    • Genomics
    • Hematology
    • Cancer Biology

    Context:

    • Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized the understanding of hematological malignancies.
    • Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) research has benefited significantly from genome-wide analyses.

    Purpose:

    • To investigate the clonal architecture and evolution of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) using comprehensive genomic approaches.
    • To understand the genetic basis of clonal selection, expansion, and chemoresistance in AML from diagnosis to relapse.

    Summary:

    • Genome-wide analysis demonstrates that AML at diagnosis is typically monoclonal or oligoclonal, with distinct subclones.
    • Targeted deep sequencing of diagnosis-relapse pairs shows that initial clones acquire mutations that drive expansion and chemoresistance.
    • Treatment can eradicate sensitive subclones, while resistant subclones persist and lead to relapse, highlighting molecular heterogeneity.

    Impact:

    • The findings underscore the complexity of AML clonal evolution, previously underestimated.
    • Understanding subclonal dynamics is crucial for developing effective targeted therapies for AML.
    • Molecular heterogeneity in AML necessitates personalized treatment strategies to overcome chemoresistance and prevent relapse.