Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Counterfactual Thinking01:19

Counterfactual Thinking

432
Counterfactual thinking is a cognitive process wherein individuals mentally reconstruct alternative versions of past events, often beginning with “what if” or “if only.” This reflective mechanism plays a significant role in shaping emotional experiences and guiding future behavior. Though typically triggered by unfavorable or unexpected outcomes, counterfactual thinking can also emerge in mundane, everyday decisions and experiences, revealing its deep entrenchment in...
432
Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

7.8K
Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
7.8K
Schemas01:42

Schemas

10.8K
A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
10.8K
Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance01:20

Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance

767
Frustration occurs when people are obstructed or prevented from achieving a desired goal or fulfilling a perceived need. For example, when someone's input is ignored in a discussion, it can lead to feelings of frustration. Conflict, however, arises from opposing interests, goals, or actions. Conflicts can take various forms based on the nature of these opposing desires or goals.
One common type of conflict is the Approach–Approach Conflict. In this case, a person faces two desirable...
767
Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

3.5K
Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
3.5K
Social Scripts02:10

Social Scripts

8.7K
People tend to know what behavior is expected of them in specific, familiar settings. A script is a person’s knowledge about the sequence of events expected in a specific setting (Schank & Abelson, 1977). Essentially, scripts are a particular kind of schema, one containing default values for the features within an event. In the restaurant example, the script's features include the props (e.g., tables, menu, food, and money), the roles to be played (e.g., customer and waiter),...
8.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The future of science publishing.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2024
Same author

Nitrifying bacterial biomass and nitrification activity evaluated by FISH and an automatic on-line instrument at full-scale Fusina (Venice, Italy) WWTP.

Environmental science and pollution research international·2015
Same author

Registered Replication Report: Schooler and Engstler-Schooler (1990).

Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science·2015
Same author

Gist-based illusions within and across stimulus modalities in autism spectrum disorder.

Memory (Hove, England)·2015
Same author

Unjustified tribute of graphology.

International journal of clinical practice·2010
Same author

VATA-m: Visual-Analogue Test assessing Anosognosia for motor impairment.

The Clinical neuropsychologist·2009

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects
07:36

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Published on: November 30, 2018

16.6K

Desirable and undesirable future thoughts call for different scene construction processes.

S de Vito1, M A Neroni, N Gamboz

  • 1a Laboratory of Psychology of Perception , Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Inserm , U 1127, F-75013, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris cedex 13 , France.

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)
|July 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Future thinking involves distinct scene construction processes for desirable and undesirable events. Understanding these differences is key, as future thinking is not a monolithic cognitive function.

Keywords:
Episodic future thinkingForesightLife scriptProspectionScene construction

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: A Novel Setup to Conduct Naturalistic Laboratory Experiments with Real Human Actors in Scenarios
07:43

Author Spotlight: A Novel Setup to Conduct Naturalistic Laboratory Experiments with Real Human Actors in Scenarios

Published on: August 4, 2023

2.8K
Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal
06:45

Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal

Published on: April 18, 2017

5.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects
07:36

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Published on: November 30, 2018

16.6K
Author Spotlight: A Novel Setup to Conduct Naturalistic Laboratory Experiments with Real Human Actors in Scenarios
07:43

Author Spotlight: A Novel Setup to Conduct Naturalistic Laboratory Experiments with Real Human Actors in Scenarios

Published on: August 4, 2023

2.8K
Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal
06:45

Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal

Published on: April 18, 2017

5.7K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Episodic future thinking is gaining research interest.
  • The cognitive mechanisms underlying future scenario construction in healthy individuals remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether different future thoughts necessitate distinct scene construction processes.
  • To differentiate the cognitive mechanisms involved in constructing desirable versus undesirable future scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty-five healthy participants imagined desirable and less desirable future events.
  • Evaluated ease of scene construction, use of life scripts, detail inclusion, and information clarity.
  • Assessed the duration of general personal knowledge descriptions and the sources of future simulations.

Main Results:

  • Imagining desirable events enhanced scene construction ease, life script frequency, internal details, and sensory/spatial-temporal clarity.
  • Undesirable future anticipations involved longer initial descriptions of general personal knowledge.
  • Simulations of undesirable episodes were more frequently linked to autobiographical memory compared to desirable events, which equally drew from autobiographical and semantic knowledge.

Conclusions:

  • Desirable and undesirable future scenarios are constructed using different cognitive mechanisms.
  • Future thinking is a multifaceted cognitive process, not a single, uniform entity.