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Related Concept Videos

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems01:18

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

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Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...
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Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport01:17

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Pore transport and ion-pair formation are critical mechanisms for the absorption and distribution of drugs in the body.
Pore transport, also known as convective transport, is a process where small molecules like urea, water, and sugars rapidly cross cell membranes as though there were channels or pores in the membrane. Although direct microscopic evidence is limited  but the concept of pores or channels is widely accepted based on physiological evidence. Despite the lack of direct...
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The Fabrication and Operation of a Continuous Flow, Micro-Electroporation System with Permeabilization Detection
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Transdermal transport pathway creation: Electroporation pulse order.

Sid Becker1, Barbara Zorec2, Damijan Miklavčič2

  • 1University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.

Mathematical Biosciences
|July 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Electroporation enhances drug delivery by altering skin. Unexpectedly, high voltage pulses before low voltage pulses reduce drug transport, contrary to existing theories.

Keywords:
ExperimentalNumericalSkin electroporationStratum corneumThermodynamic

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Dermatology
  • Drug Delivery

Background:

  • Electroporation uses electric fields to increase transdermal drug delivery by altering the stratum corneum.
  • Current understanding suggests increased pulse power correlates with reduced skin resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underlying physics of skin electroporation for enhanced transdermal drug delivery.
  • To reconcile experimental findings that contradict the prevailing theory on electroporation efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental application of high and low voltage electrical pulses to skin.
  • Computational modeling to analyze the formation and impact of aqueous pathways in the stratum corneum.

Main Results:

  • Applying high voltage pulses before low voltage pulses resulted in significantly lower transdermal transport compared to low voltage pulses alone.
  • Computational analysis revealed that high-voltage-induced small aqueous pathways impede the formation of larger, more effective pathways associated with low-voltage pulses.

Conclusions:

  • The sequence and characteristics of electrical pulses critically influence electroporation efficacy for transdermal drug delivery.
  • The prevailing model of electroporation based solely on total pulse power is insufficient; pathway dynamics must be considered.