Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

2.1K
In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
2.1K
Overview of Regeneration and Repair01:19

Overview of Regeneration and Repair

4.7K
Regeneration and repair processes are critical in healing damages caused by injury, disease, and aging. In regeneration, the damaged tissue is entirely replaced with new growth that restores the original architecture and function. In contrast, tissue repair usually results in a fixed tissue architecture involving scar formation. Scars generally do not reestablish tissue function and may also exhibit structural abnormalities at the injury site.
Regeneration
All animals have varying degrees of...
4.7K
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

2.1K
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
2.1K
The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR01:23

The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR

1.0K
CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...
1.0K
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

4.6K
DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
4.6K
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

33.6K
Overview
33.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Bone health in women with hidradenitis suppurativa: addressing osteoporosis risks and management options.

International journal of women's dermatology·2026
Same author

Disruption of the spinal cord-gut axis alters microbial dynamics and carbohydrate cross-feeding in the gut.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

Comments to the "Letter to the Editor" for the manuscript titled "Increased expression of inflammasome signaling genes and proteins in selective brain regions in the intermediate stage of Alzheimer's disease".

Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Common Medical Comorbidities, Demographic Factors and Levels of Plasma Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease and Neurodegeneration in Black/African American Older Adults.

Biomolecules·2026
Same author

Detecting Cognitive Impairment in African American Older Adults Using the LASSI-L and Plasma P-Tau<sub>217</sub>.

Advances in Alzheimer's disease·2026
Same author

Inflammasomes in glioblastoma.

Journal of neuroinflammation·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

An Injury Paradigm to Investigate Central Nervous System Repair in Drosophila
10:49

An Injury Paradigm to Investigate Central Nervous System Repair in Drosophila

Published on: March 28, 2013

14.1K

Pattern recognition receptors and central nervous system repair.

Kristina A Kigerl1, Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari2, W Dalton Dietrich2

  • 1Department of Neuroscience - Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, USA.

Experimental Neurology
|July 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) initiate innate immunity by detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These receptors are crucial first responders to central nervous system (CNS) injury, influencing brain and spinal cord inflammation and repair.

Keywords:
InflammasomeNOD-like receptorsNeuroinflammationPattern recognition receptorsSpinal cord injuryToll-like receptors

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Developing Precise and Clinically Relevant Models for Studying Secondary Degeneration in Traumatic Optic Neuropathy
04:02

Author Spotlight: Developing Precise and Clinically Relevant Models for Studying Secondary Degeneration in Traumatic Optic Neuropathy

Published on: November 29, 2024

1.3K
Anatomically Inspired Three-dimensional Micro-tissue Engineered Neural Networks for Nervous System Reconstruction, Modulation, and Modeling
10:45

Anatomically Inspired Three-dimensional Micro-tissue Engineered Neural Networks for Nervous System Reconstruction, Modulation, and Modeling

Published on: May 31, 2017

12.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 27, 2026

An Injury Paradigm to Investigate Central Nervous System Repair in Drosophila
10:49

An Injury Paradigm to Investigate Central Nervous System Repair in Drosophila

Published on: March 28, 2013

14.1K
Author Spotlight: Developing Precise and Clinically Relevant Models for Studying Secondary Degeneration in Traumatic Optic Neuropathy
04:02

Author Spotlight: Developing Precise and Clinically Relevant Models for Studying Secondary Degeneration in Traumatic Optic Neuropathy

Published on: November 29, 2024

1.3K
Anatomically Inspired Three-dimensional Micro-tissue Engineered Neural Networks for Nervous System Reconstruction, Modulation, and Modeling
10:45

Anatomically Inspired Three-dimensional Micro-tissue Engineered Neural Networks for Nervous System Reconstruction, Modulation, and Modeling

Published on: May 31, 2017

12.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Innate Immunity
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) mediate innate immune responses.
  • PRRs were initially identified for pathogen recognition via pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).
  • PRRs also respond to endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in sterile inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the activation and function of various PRR families in the central nervous system (CNS).
  • To explore the role of PRRs in mediating inflammation and repair following CNS injury.
  • To highlight PRRs as key players in the early response to CNS damage.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on PRRs and CNS injury.
  • Discussion of PRR families including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), Nod-like receptors (NLRs), RIG-like receptors (RLRs), AIM2-like receptors (ALRs), and C-type lectin receptors.
  • Analysis of PRR activation pathways and downstream effects in the CNS.

Main Results:

  • PRRs are broadly expressed in the CNS and activated by DAMPs released during injury.
  • Activation of PRRs on microglia, neurons, and astrocytes initiates an innate immune response.
  • PRRs are among the earliest responders to CNS injury, influencing both damage and healing.

Conclusions:

  • PRRs play a significant role in the inflammatory response to CNS injury.
  • Understanding PRR activation is critical for developing therapeutic strategies for CNS disorders.
  • PRRs modulate both the detrimental inflammatory processes and the beneficial repair mechanisms post-CNS injury.