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The Interplay of Reader Goals, Working Memory, and Text Structure During Reading.

Catherine M Bohn-Gettler1, Panayiota Kendeou2

  • 1College of Saint Benedict - Saint John's University.

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PubMed
Summary

Understanding how reading goals and text structure impact comprehension is key. Reading for study, compared to entertainment, and using specific text structures, like problem-response, enhances recall and understanding.

Keywords:
comprehensionreading goalstext structurethink-aloudworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Educational Psychology
  • Reading Comprehension Research

Background:

  • Comprehension is influenced by reader goals and text characteristics.
  • Reader working memory capacity is a critical cognitive factor.
  • Expository texts present information in various structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interplay between instructional context (reading goals), text properties (structure), and reader characteristics (working memory) on comprehension.
  • To examine how these factors influence cognitive processes during reading, such as paraphrasing and inference generation.
  • To determine the impact on post-reading recall.

Main Methods:

  • College students read expository texts under different instructional goals (study vs. entertainment).
  • Thinking-aloud protocols were used to capture cognitive processes.
  • Four text structures (descriptive, chronological, problem-response, compare-contrast) were analyzed.
  • Working memory capacity was assessed.

Main Results:

  • Reading goals and working memory interacted to affect paraphrasing and non-coherence during thinking-aloud.
  • Reading goals, working memory, and text structure collectively influenced text-based inferences.
  • Text structure alone impacted knowledge-based inferences.
  • Higher recall was observed for the 'reading for study' goal and for problem-response and compare-contrast text structures.

Conclusions:

  • Instructional context and text properties significantly modulate comprehension processes and outcomes.
  • Reader characteristics, such as working memory, play a crucial role in mediating the effects of context and text.
  • Optimizing text structure and aligning reading goals can enhance learning and recall from expository texts.