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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Monitoring Lung Function with Electrical Impedance Tomography in the Intensive Care Unit
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Electrical impedance tomography during major open upper abdominal surgery: a pilot-study.

Maximilian S Schaefer1, Viktoria Wania1, Bea Bastin1

  • 1Department of Anaesthesiology, Duesseldorf University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, Duesseldorf 40225, Germany.

BMC Anesthesiology
|July 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is feasible for monitoring lung ventilation during major abdominal surgery. This technology can help optimize ventilator settings in high-risk patients, despite challenges with electrode placement.

Keywords:
Abdominal surgeryAtelectasisElectrical impedance tomographyGeneral anesthesiaLung function

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
  • Medical Imaging
  • Pulmonary Medicine

Background:

  • Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) visualizes lung ventilation during mechanical ventilation.
  • Intraoperative EIT can optimize ventilator settings for patients at risk of ventilation-perfusion mismatch, common in major abdominal surgery.
  • Challenges include EIT belt positioning and signal quality during these procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility of intraoperative EIT in patients undergoing major open upper abdominal surgery.
  • To evaluate the reliability of EIT measurements in this specific patient population.

Main Methods:

  • A pilot study included patients undergoing major open upper abdominal surgery (duration ≥3 hours).
  • EIT measurements were taken at multiple time points: pre-intubation, skin incision, hourly during surgery, and post-extubation.
  • Ventilation distribution was analyzed using functional EIT images, center of ventilation index, and ventilated lung areas.

Main Results:

  • 111 out of 120 planned intraoperative EIT measurements (93%) were successfully acquired in 13 out of 14 patients.
  • The primary obstacle was skin electrode contact.
  • EIT revealed a significant shift in ventilation towards ventral lung regions post-intubation, which reversed after extubation.

Conclusions:

  • Intraoperative EIT monitoring of ventilation distribution is feasible in patients undergoing prolonged major open upper abdominal surgery.
  • Further interventional trials are warranted to optimize ventilatory management using EIT in this cohort.