Mesenchymal stem cells as a therapeutic approach to glomerular diseases: benefits and risks

Area of Science:

• Regenerative Medicine
• Nephrology
• Stem Cell Biology

Background:

• Adult stem cells (ASCs) and progenitor cells are explored for kidney disorder therapeutics, primarily in acute kidney injury models.
• Glomerular diseases have received less attention due to challenges in treatment timing and the need for long-term therapies.
• Understanding the controversial mechanisms of ASCs in kidney repair is crucial.

Approach:

• This mini-review summarizes current strategies for adult stem cell-based therapies targeting glomerular diseases.
• It examines the application of stem cells in treating various kidney conditions.
• The review also investigates potential adverse effects associated with stem cell administration.

Key Points:

• Current research predominantly focuses on ASC applications in acute kidney injury, with promising but mechanistically debated results.
• Glomerular diseases present unique therapeutic challenges, including insidious onset and the requirement for sustained treatment.
• Recent reports indicate potential adverse effects of stem cell therapy, specifically profibrotic actions and maldifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.

Conclusions:

• Adult stem cell therapy holds potential for treating glomerular diseases, but further research is needed.
• Careful consideration of potential side effects, such as profibrotic actions and maldifferentiation, is essential for safe and effective stem cell application.
• Optimizing treatment timing and long-term strategies are critical for successful therapeutic outcomes in chronic kidney disorders.