Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Breathing01:05

Breathing

50.3K
The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
50.3K
Mechanism of Breathing I: Inspiration01:30

Mechanism of Breathing I: Inspiration

3.5K
Introduction to Inspiration: The Respiratory System in Action
The respiratory system, an essential network for breathing, comprises the conducting and respiratory zones, each playing a crucial role in the overall process of respiration. Let us explore the detailed mechanism of inspiration, or inhalation, which is the first phase of the respiratory cycle.
Pathway of Air during Inspiration
During inspiration, air enters our body through the nose or mouth and moves through the conducting zone,...
3.5K
Mechanism of Breathing II: Expiration01:23

Mechanism of Breathing II: Expiration

2.1K
The Physiology of Expiration: A Seamless Respiratory Process
Expiration, or exhaling, is a complex physiological process that begins as the inspiratory muscles begin to relax. This relaxation triggers a series of events that epitomize the efficiency of the respiratory system.
Mechanism of Expiration:
2.1K
Alterations in Respiration II01:30

Alterations in Respiration II

2.5K
There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
In Biot's breathing, the respiratory rate and depth are irregular, alternating between periods of deep gasping and apnea. Common causes...
2.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Brightening Interlayer Excitons by Electric-Field-Driven Hole Transfer in Bilayer WSe_{2}.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Electrically Switching Ferroelectric Order in 3R-MoS<sub>2</sub> Layers.

Nano letters·2025
Same author

Enhancing Resonant Second-Harmonic Generation in Bilayer WSe<sub>2</sub> by Layer-Dependent Exciton-Polaron Effect.

Nano letters·2024
Same author

Electric-field tunable Type-I to Type-II band alignment transition in MoSe<sub>2</sub>/WS<sub>2</sub> heterobilayers.

Nature communications·2024
Same author

Transforming into fully commensurate bilayers.

Nature materials·2023
Same author

Thickness- and Twist-Angle-Dependent Interlayer Excitons in Metal Monochalcogenide Heterostructures.

ACS nano·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding
14:52

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding

Published on: September 23, 2018

8.2K

Temperature-activated layer-breathing vibrations in few-layer graphene.

Chun Hung Lui1, Zhipeng Ye, Courtney Keiser

  • 1Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.

Nano Letters
|July 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Few-layer graphene (FLG) exhibits a temperature-dependent layer-breathing mode (LBM) vibration. This Raman response, suppressed by surface molecules at room temperature, activates upon heating due to molecular desorption.

More Related Videos

Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection
07:51

Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection

Published on: February 1, 2022

2.9K
Synthetic, Multi-Layer, Self-Oscillating Vocal Fold Model Fabrication
10:16

Synthetic, Multi-Layer, Self-Oscillating Vocal Fold Model Fabrication

Published on: December 2, 2011

13.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding
14:52

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding

Published on: September 23, 2018

8.2K
Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection
07:51

Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection

Published on: February 1, 2022

2.9K
Synthetic, Multi-Layer, Self-Oscillating Vocal Fold Model Fabrication
10:16

Synthetic, Multi-Layer, Self-Oscillating Vocal Fold Model Fabrication

Published on: December 2, 2011

13.5K

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Few-layer graphene (FLG) possesses unique vibrational properties.
  • Low-frequency Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool for probing lattice dynamics.
  • Surface adsorbates can significantly influence graphene's vibrational behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temperature dependence of low-frequency Raman spectra in freestanding FLG.
  • To characterize the layer-breathing mode (LBM) vibration in FLG.
  • To understand the role of surface molecules in suppressing and activating LBM.

Main Methods:

  • Freestanding few-layer graphene (FLG) samples were studied using Raman spectroscopy.
  • Temperature control was achieved via laser heating, ranging from 400 to 900 K.
  • Analysis of the frequency and intensity of the LBM Raman mode as a function of temperature and layer number.

Main Results:

  • The fundamental Raman mode of the rigid-plane layer-breathing mode (LBM) vibration was observed at high temperatures (400-900 K).
  • A dramatic redshift in LBM frequency was observed with increasing layer number, from 81 cm⁻¹ (bilayer) to 23 cm⁻¹ (8-layer).
  • The LBM Raman response was unobservable at room temperature but activated significantly above 600 K, indicating temperature-dependent suppression and activation.

Conclusions:

  • The thickness dependence of the LBM frequency in FLG can be modeled using coupled oscillators.
  • Surface molecules strongly suppress the LBM vibration at lower temperatures.
  • Desorption of surface molecules at elevated temperatures (>600 K) activates the LBM Raman response in FLG.