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Local quenches with global effects in interacting quantum systems.

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Quenching a local magnetic field in spin lattices can mimic global perturbations, driving systems toward chaos. This leads to a Breit-Wigner energy distribution, exponential fidelity decay, and viable thermalization.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Statistical mechanics

Background:

  • One-dimensional lattices of interacting spins-1/2 are fundamental models in quantum physics.
  • Understanding system dynamics under perturbations is crucial for quantum state control and thermalization studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of local magnetic field quenches on spin lattices.
  • To compare the effects of local quenches with global perturbations.
  • To explore the onset of chaos and thermalization in these systems.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of one-dimensional spin-1/2 lattices.
  • Numerical simulations of quench dynamics.
  • Analysis of energy distributions and fidelity decay (Loschmidt echo).

Main Results:

  • Local magnetic field quenches can induce effects comparable to global perturbations.
  • Both local and global quenches drive the system into the chaotic domain.
  • The energy distribution approaches a Breit-Wigner shape, and fidelity decays exponentially.
  • Thermalization becomes a viable outcome in the post-quench dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Local perturbations can be as effective as global ones in driving quantum systems towards chaos.
  • The observed phenomena suggest a universal behavior in driven quantum systems.
  • These findings have implications for understanding thermalization in isolated quantum systems.