Helicopter pilot scan techniques during low-altitude high-speed flight

Area of Science:

• Aviation Psychology
• Human Factors Engineering
• Aerospace Medicine

Background:

• Helicopter technology advancements necessitate pilots navigating at high speeds and low altitudes.
• Pilot visual scan patterns are critical for mission success and crew survival in demanding flight conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the relationship between pilots' visual scan patterns and flight performance in simulated high-speed, low-level flight.
• To compare visual scanning behaviors and altitude control between experienced and less experienced helicopter pilots.

Main Methods:

• Utilized a fixed-base MH-60S helicopter simulator for a simulated desert course.
• Monitored visual scan rates and fixation locations of 17 Navy pilots using eye-tracking technology.
• Recorded flight parameters, including altitude, via the simulator's system.

Main Results:

• Pilots with over 1000 flight hours demonstrated superior altitude control compared to less experienced pilots.
• Experienced pilots allocated more visual attention to instrument displays and less to looking out the window (OTW).
• Increased time spent looking OTW correlated with reduced altitude consistency.

Conclusions:

• Findings suggest that visual scanning strategies, particularly instrument focus, are key to effective altitude management in high-speed, low-level helicopter operations.
• Results can inform the development of targeted training programs to enhance pilot performance in challenging aviation environments.