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Do low-calorie drinks 'cheat' the enteral-brain axis?

Adaliene V M Ferreira1, Simone Vasconcelos Generoso, Antônio Lúcio Teixeira

  • 1aNutrition Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais bInterdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
|July 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Low-calorie beverages may paradoxically increase body weight by affecting the enteral-brain axis and appetite regulation. Further research is needed to understand these complex interactions and prevent compensatory overeating.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Metabolic Health

Background:

  • Global rise in low-calorie beverage consumption due to sweet taste without caloric load.
  • Epidemiological studies suggest a link between low-calorie beverage intake and increased body weight.
  • The paradoxical association warrants investigation into underlying physiological mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of low-calorie beverages' effects on the enteral-brain axis.
  • To explore the proposed mechanisms linking artificial sweeteners to appetite regulation and weight gain.
  • To identify knowledge gaps in the interaction between low-calorie drinks and appetite control.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological studies and scientific literature.
  • Analysis of proposed psychobiological and neuroendocrine pathways.
  • Examination of the enteral-brain axis in relation to sweet taste and calorie intake.

Main Results:

  • Low-calorie beverages may disrupt appetite regulation by uncoupling sweet taste from calorie intake.
  • Artificial sweeteners could send ambiguous signals to the brain, potentially increasing appetite and promoting overeating.
  • Evidence supporting this paradoxical association is debated, with many studies not confirming the link.
  • Mechanisms of interaction between low-calorie beverages and the enteral-brain axis require further definition.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the impact of low-calorie drinks on the enteral-brain axis is in its early stages.
  • While low-calorie beverages reduce direct caloric intake, compensatory increases in energy consumption may occur.
  • Identifying and mitigating these compensatory phenomena is crucial for managing body weight effectively.