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Related Concept Videos

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
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¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

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The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
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Induced Electric Dipoles01:28

Induced Electric Dipoles

4.0K
A permanent electric dipole orients itself along an external electric field. This rotation can be quantified by defining the potential energy because the external torque does work in rotating it. Then, the potential energy is minimum at the parallel configuration and maximum at the antiparallel configuration. While the former is a stable equilibrium, the latter is an unstable equilibrium.
Since the absolute value of potential energy holds no physical meaning, its zero value can be chosen as per...
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Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor01:31

Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor

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The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
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¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

1.3K
When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
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Group Polarization01:01

Group Polarization

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Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.
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Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone
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COMPOZER-based longitudinal cross-polarization via dipolar coupling under MAS.

Takayuki Kamihara1, Miwa Murakami2, Yasuto Noda1

  • 1Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)
|July 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary

We developed a new cross-polarization (CP) sequence for magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR that avoids spin locking. This method enhances tolerance to radiofrequency field inhomogeneity and Hartmann-Hahn mismatch for improved solid-state NMR analysis.

Keywords:
Cross polarizationFlip–flop exchangeMagic-angle spinning

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Area of Science:

  • Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
  • Quantum spin dynamics and interactions.

Background:

  • Cross-polarization (CP) is crucial for enhancing NMR signal sensitivity in solids.
  • Standard CP techniques often rely on spin locking, which can be sensitive to experimental imperfections.
  • Magic-angle spinning (MAS) is widely used to average dipolar couplings and chemical shift anisotropy in solid samples.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel cross-polarization (CP) sequence for magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR.
  • To develop a CP method that is robust against radiofrequency (RF) field inhomogeneity and Hartmann-Hahn mismatch.
  • To enable efficient polarization transfer without employing spin locking.

Main Methods:

  • A new CP sequence utilizing a combination of two radiofrequency (RF) pulses with opposite phases.
  • Modulation of longitudinal (Z) magnetizations instead of spin locking for CP.
  • Synchronization of RF pulse phases with magic-angle spinning (MAS).

Main Results:

  • The proposed CP sequence effectively transfers polarization under MAS conditions.
  • The method demonstrates tolerance to RF field inhomogeneity.
  • The sequence is also robust against Hartmann-Hahn mismatch.
  • Restoration of the flip-flop term of the dipolar interaction under MAS is achieved by phase modulation.

Conclusions:

  • The novel CP sequence offers a robust alternative for solid-state NMR experiments under MAS.
  • Eliminating spin locking simplifies experimental setup and improves performance in the presence of field imperfections.
  • This technique can advance the study of molecular structure and dynamics in solid materials.