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Coccidioidomycosis.

D A Bronnimann1, J N Galgiani

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson 85724.

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases : Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology
|May 1, 1989
PubMed
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Coccidioidomycosis, a fungal respiratory illness, can become severe. Early recognition and treatment are crucial, especially for those with risk factors like immunosuppression, to prevent devastating disease spread.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal respiratory infection, often self-limiting but capable of severe dissemination.
  • Increasing international travel necessitates awareness among unfamiliar physicians regarding coccidioidomycosis recognition and treatment.
  • Key risk factors for disease dissemination include specific races and immunosuppression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of recognizing and managing coccidioidomycosis, particularly disseminated forms.
  • To inform physicians about the risk factors, diagnostic methods, and treatment options for coccidioidomycosis.
  • To emphasize the evolving therapeutic landscape for this fungal infection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentation and epidemiology of coccididioidomycosis.

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  • Discussion of diagnostic approaches including clinical history, skin testing, serology, and microbiological confirmation.
  • Overview of current therapeutic strategies, noting the absence of fungicidal agents.

    • Main Results:

    • Disseminated coccidioidomycosis most commonly affects the skin, lymph nodes, bone, and meninges.
    • Diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical suspicion, immunological tests, and direct organism identification.
    • Fungistatic therapies are effective, and new oral and intravenous/intrathecal agents offer greater treatment flexibility.

    Conclusions:

    • Prompt diagnosis and management are vital for coccidioidomycosis, especially in at-risk populations.
    • Physicians must be prepared to diagnose and treat coccidioidal infections due to increased travel.
    • Advances in antifungal therapy have improved treatment outcomes for coccidioidomycosis.