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Melorheostosis: Two atypical cases.

Binit Sureka1, Mahesh Kumar Mittal1, Kk Udhaya1

  • 1Department of Radiodiagnosis, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.

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Melorheostosis, a rare bone dysplasia, can affect the spine. This study details two unusual cases, one impacting the cervico-dorsal spine and vertebral artery, and another showing mixed sclerosing bone dysplasia.

Keywords:
Hyperostosismelorheostosisosteopoikilosissclerosis

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Melorheostosis is a rare, benign mesenchymal dysplasia characterized by excessive bone formation.
  • It typically affects the appendicular skeleton, with axial skeleton involvement being infrequent.

Observation:

  • This report presents two atypical cases of melorheostosis with characteristic imaging findings.
  • Case 1: Melorheostosis involving the cervico-dorsal spine, causing encroachment on the left vertebral artery canal and subsequent attenuation.
  • Case 2: A mixed sclerosing bone dysplasia featuring monomelic melorheostosis coexisting with osteopoikilosis.

Findings:

  • The cervico-dorsal spine manifestation highlights a potential vascular complication of melorheostosis.
  • The coexistence of monomelic melorheostosis and osteopoikilosis represents a rare variant of sclerosing bone dysplasia.
  • Classical imaging findings were observed in both atypical presentations.

Implications:

  • These cases expand the understanding of melorheostosis's spectrum, particularly its axial and mixed sclerotic presentations.
  • Highlights the importance of considering melorheostosis in the differential diagnosis of spinal and mixed sclerosing bone abnormalities.
  • Emphasizes the need for careful radiological evaluation to detect potential vascular compromise in spinal melorheostosis.