Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Phase II Reactions: Glutathione Conjugation and Mercapturic Acid Formation01:22

Phase II Reactions: Glutathione Conjugation and Mercapturic Acid Formation

1.3K
Glutathione, a tripeptide made up of glutamate, cysteine, and glycine, is a critical player in the detoxification of drugs and xenobiotics via a process known as glutathione conjugation or mercapturic acid formation. This phase II biotransformation reaction involves the covalent binding of glutathione to a drug or its metabolite, enhancing the compound's water solubility and enabling its excretion.
Several distinctive characteristics distinguish glutathione conjugation from other phase II...
1.3K
Sulfur Assimilation01:20

Sulfur Assimilation

552
Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to...
552
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

13.4K
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
13.4K
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

4.1K
4.1K
Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

8.8K
Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
8.8K
Peroxisomes and Mitochondria01:30

Peroxisomes and Mitochondria

73.2K
Peroxisomes and mitochondria are two important oxygen-utilizing organelles in eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria carry out cellular respiration—the process that converts energy from food into ATP. Peroxisomes carry out a variety of functions, primarily breaking down different substances, such as fatty acids.
The peroxisome is a single membrane-bound cellular organelle that can perform several different functions, including lipid metabolism and chemical detoxification. The enzymes within...
73.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

First worldwide multicenter validation of the POLARIS preclinical polarizer across biological models and imaging paradigms.

Research square·2026
Same author

The revolver halo as a forensic marker: Raman spectroscopic evidence of primer-driven gunshot residue deposition.

Forensic science international·2026
Same author

Evaluating Coronavirus Stability: Insights From Raman Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis.

Journal of biophotonics·2026
Same author

Anatomically guided latent diffusion for high-resolution 3D chest CT synthesis.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Exploring proteomic signatures in sepsis and non-infectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Accelerating Leigh syndrome drug discovery through deep learning screening in brain organoids.

Nature communications·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Author Spotlight: Innovating Thiol Quantification and Biomarker Detection for Oxidative Stress Research
03:35

Author Spotlight: Innovating Thiol Quantification and Biomarker Detection for Oxidative Stress Research

Published on: June 28, 2024

2.2K

Glutathione and mitochondria.

Vicent Ribas1, Carmen García-Ruiz2, José C Fernández-Checa2

  • 1Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC) Barcelona, Spain ; Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Centre Esther Koplowitz, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)-Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) Barcelona, Spain.

Frontiers in Pharmacology
|July 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) is crucial for cellular defense and regulating cell death. This review explores GSH regulation in mitochondria and its role in diseases like cancer and Alzheimer's.

Keywords:
Alzheimer diseasecholesterolglutathionemitochondriareactive oxygen speciessteatohepatitis

More Related Videos

Live Imaging of the Mitochondrial Glutathione Redox State in Primary Neurons using a Ratiometric Indicator
07:47

Live Imaging of the Mitochondrial Glutathione Redox State in Primary Neurons using a Ratiometric Indicator

Published on: October 20, 2021

2.5K
The Cell-based L-Glutathione Protection Assays to Study Endocytosis and Recycling of Plasma Membrane Proteins
09:22

The Cell-based L-Glutathione Protection Assays to Study Endocytosis and Recycling of Plasma Membrane Proteins

Published on: December 13, 2013

11.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Author Spotlight: Innovating Thiol Quantification and Biomarker Detection for Oxidative Stress Research
03:35

Author Spotlight: Innovating Thiol Quantification and Biomarker Detection for Oxidative Stress Research

Published on: June 28, 2024

2.2K
Live Imaging of the Mitochondrial Glutathione Redox State in Primary Neurons using a Ratiometric Indicator
07:47

Live Imaging of the Mitochondrial Glutathione Redox State in Primary Neurons using a Ratiometric Indicator

Published on: October 20, 2021

2.5K
The Cell-based L-Glutathione Protection Assays to Study Endocytosis and Recycling of Plasma Membrane Proteins
09:22

The Cell-based L-Glutathione Protection Assays to Study Endocytosis and Recycling of Plasma Membrane Proteins

Published on: December 13, 2013

11.2K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Mitochondrial Biology

Background:

  • Glutathione (GSH) is a key non-protein thiol vital for antioxidant and detoxification enzymes.
  • GSH is synthesized in the cytosol but also found in mitochondria, necessitating specific transport mechanisms.
  • Mitochondria are central to cell death pathways, with mitochondrial GSH influencing sensitization to cell death triggers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on the regulation of mitochondrial glutathione (GSH).
  • To elucidate the role of mitochondrial GSH in cell death.
  • To discuss the involvement of mitochondrial GSH in prevalent human diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent data on mitochondrial GSH regulation.
  • Analysis of studies investigating GSH's role in cell death mechanisms.
  • Examination of research linking mitochondrial GSH to human diseases.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondrial GSH is essential for combating reactive oxygen species and detoxifying harmful compounds within mitochondria.
  • Mitochondrial GSH levels critically modulate the cell's sensitivity to death-inducing signals.
  • Dysregulation of mitochondrial GSH is implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer, fatty liver disease, and Alzheimer's disease.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial GSH plays a multifaceted role in cellular redox homeostasis and programmed cell death.
  • Understanding mitochondrial GSH regulation offers potential therapeutic targets for various human diseases.
  • Further research into mitochondrial GSH transport and function is warranted.