Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 27, 2026
09:52
Trans-Tympanic Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Ototoxicity
Published on: March 16, 2018
8.8K
Ototoxicity in Nigeria: why it persists
Daniel D Kokong1, Aminu Bakari, Babagana M Ahmad
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, PMB 2076, Jos Plateau State, Nigeria. dankokong@gmail.com.
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal
|July 16, 2014
Summary
Drug-induced ototoxicity is a significant problem in Nigeria, with tinnitus and hearing loss being common. Prevention is crucial due to the prevalence and difficulty in managing these conditions in developing nations.
Area of Science:
- Otolaryngology
- Pharmacology
- Audiology
Background:
- Drug-induced ototoxicity causes irreversible damage like hearing loss and balance disorders.
- Preventive strategies are underdeveloped in many developing nations, including Nigeria.
- Ototoxicity poses a significant public health challenge in Africa.
Purpose of the Study:
- To document the experience of drug-induced ototoxicity in Nigeria.
- To identify common causative agents and patient demographics.
- To assess the audiological impact and management outcomes.
Main Methods:
- A 3-year retrospective study of 156 patients diagnosed with drug-induced ototoxicity.
- Data collection included patient demographics, symptoms, causative agents, and audiological findings.
- Audiometric patterns and hearing loss severity were analyzed.
Main Results:
- Tinnitus was the predominant initial symptom in 89.7% of patients.
- Unknown injected agents, chloramphenicol, chloroquine, and gentamicin were common causes.
- Profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) affected 49.7% of ears, with mixed hearing loss in 28.8%.
Conclusions:
- Ototoxicity is prevalent in Nigeria, with diverse causative agents.
- Significant hearing impairment is a common outcome.
- Prevention strategies are essential to mitigate the impact of ototoxicity in developing countries.
Related Concept Videos
01:24Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions
229
Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
229
01:12Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects
1.0K
While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
1.0K
01:24Drug Toxicity: Risk factors
229
Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
229
01:26Physical Properties of Amines
3.2K
Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.
3.2K
01:00Drug Toxicity: Overview
291
Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
291
01:25Inhibitors of Bacterial Protein Synthesis
99
Aminoglycosides constitute a highly potent class of bactericidal antibiotics that exert their antimicrobial effects by targeting the bacterial ribosome, specifically disrupting protein synthesis. These polycationic molecules consist of amino-modified sugars linked via glycosidic bonds to an aminocyclitol core such as 2-deoxystreptamine or streptamine. Their strong positive charges facilitate tight binding to the negatively charged phosphate backbone of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), primarily at the 16S...
99