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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

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While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

An Assessment Method and Toolkit to Evaluate Keyboard Design on Smartphones
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Screen based keyboard operation: the adverse effects on the neural system.

R Grant, C Forrester, J Hides

    The Australian Journal of Physiotherapy
    |July 16, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Screen-based keyboard (SBK) use may reduce neural system extensibility. This neural tension could contribute to work-related neck and upper limb disorders, suggesting a need for preventative strategies.

    Keywords:
    Nervous SystemRadial NerveRepetitive Strai Injury

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Occupational Health
    • Biomechanics

    Background:

    • Screen-based keyboard (SBK) operation is prevalent in modern workplaces.
    • Potential impacts of repetitive keyboard use on neural system mechanics are not fully understood.
    • Work-related neck and upper limb disorders are a significant occupational health concern.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effect of screen-based keyboard operation on neural system extensibility.
    • To determine if SBK use is associated with reduced upper limb tension test (ULTT) range of motion.
    • To explore the implications of altered neural mechanics in the context of work-related musculoskeletal disorders.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the radial nerve upper limb tension test (ULTT) to assess neural extensibility.
    • Examined 25 female subjects (aged 17-55 years) divided into two groups: 15 SBK operators and 10 non-SBK operators (control).
    • Measured mean glenohumeral abduction during the ULTT for both groups.

    Main Results:

    • SBK operators demonstrated significantly reduced mean glenohumeral abduction compared to the control group (27-30 degrees vs. 40 degrees).
    • Statistical analysis confirmed a significant difference in neural extensibility between SBK operators and the control group.
    • Findings suggest that SBK operation may negatively impact the normal mechanics of the neural system.

    Conclusions:

    • Screen-based keyboard operation appears to affect neural system extensibility.
    • Increased neural tension associated with SBK use may be a contributing factor to work-related neck and upper limb disorders.
    • Consideration of neural tension is warranted in the prevention and management of these occupational disorders.