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Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
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Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

2.5K
Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Visualization of Protein-protein Interaction in Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Fractions by Co-immunoprecipitation and In Situ Proximity Ligation Assay
10:05

Visualization of Protein-protein Interaction in Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Fractions by Co-immunoprecipitation and In Situ Proximity Ligation Assay

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Protoplast: a more efficient system to study nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions.

Changchun Yu1, Lili Wang1, Cong Chen1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, China.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
|July 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a simple protoplast system for studying plant nucleus-cytoplasm interactions. The method efficiently analyzes cytoplasmic male sterility/fertility restoration (CMS/Rf) and organellar RNA editing in rice.

Keywords:
Cytoplasmic male sterilityFertility restorationNucleo-cytoplasmic interactionProtoplastRNA editingRice

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Area of Science:

  • Plant molecular biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell biology

Background:

  • Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation is crucial but often inefficient for plant research.
  • Understanding nucleus-cytoplasmic interactions is key to plant development and reproduction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a protoplast-based system for studying nucleus-cytoplasmic interactions in rice.
  • To investigate the roles of fertility restorer gene Rf5 in cytoplasmic male sterility/fertility restoration (CMS/Rf) and the pentatricopeptide protein MPR25 in organellar RNA editing.

Main Methods:

  • Transfection of rice protoplasts with the fertility restorer gene Rf5.
  • Utilizing dsRNA-mediated gene silencing to down-regulate the MPR25 gene.
  • Analysis of CMS-associated transcripts and proteins (ORFH79).
  • Quantification of RNA editing efficiency in mitochondrial transcripts (nad5).

Main Results:

  • Rf5 protein accumulation led to the cleavage of CMS-associated transcripts and reduced ORFH79 protein levels.
  • Down-regulation of MPR25 significantly decreased RNA editing efficiency in mitochondrial nad5 transcripts.
  • The protoplast system demonstrated efficiency in studying nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Protoplast transfection provides a simple and efficient method for studying nucleus-cytoplasmic interactions in plants.
  • This system is effective for analyzing genetic factors involved in cytoplasmic male sterility/fertility restoration and organellar RNA editing.