Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

1.0K
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
1.0K
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

3.3K
Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
3.3K
Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

1.7K
Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
1.7K
Local Anesthetics: Mechanism of Action01:23

Local Anesthetics: Mechanism of Action

4.4K
Local anesthetics (LAs) block sensory and motor impulses by inhibiting the sodium channels on the nerve cell membranes. This induces temporary loss of sensation, relieving pain in a specific body area.
Local anesthetics are amphiphilic molecules consisting of a hydrophobic aromatic part linked to a hydrophilic group by an ester or amide linkage. They are weak bases and are usually available as salts, which increases their solubility and stability. Once administered, LAs exist in the body either...
4.4K
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

2.8K
Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
2.8K
Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:30

Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

4.9K
Local anesthetics (LAs) are drugs that induce a temporary loss of sensation in a limited body area, preventing pain. Cocaine was the first local anesthetic discovered in the late 19th century. Cocaine is a benzoic acid ester obtained from the leaves of coca shrubs and was often used for its psychotropic effects. Cocaine was first isolated in 1860 by Albert Niemann. Sigmund Freud studied the physiological actions of cocaine. Carl Koller later introduced it into clinical practice in 1884 as a...
4.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Recent Studies of the Nervous System.

Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London·2019
Same author

Electrodiagnostic techniques.

The Australian journal of physiotherapy·2014
Same author

Acupuncture.

The Australian journal of physiotherapy·2014
Same author

Clinical evaluation of the masman pressure unit in the reduction of limb oedema.

The Australian journal of physiotherapy·2014
Same author

Migration and multiple sclerosis in United Kingdom and Ireland immigrants to Australia: a reassessment. II. Characteristics of early (pre-1947) compared to later migrants.

Journal of neurology·2011
Same author

Migration and multiple sclerosis in immigrants to Australia from United Kingdom and Ireland: a reassessment. I. Risk of MS by age at immigration.

Journal of neurology·2011
Same journal

Influence of vertebral artery blood flow research outcomes on clinical judgment.

The Australian journal of physiotherapy·2015
Same journal

A valid pre-manipulative screening tool is needed.

The Australian journal of physiotherapy·2015
Same journal

Guidelines for pre-manipulative testing of the cervical spine - an appraisal.

The Australian journal of physiotherapy·2015
Same journal

Do the guidelines do what they are supposed to?

The Australian journal of physiotherapy·2015
Same journal

Pre-manipulative testing: predicting risk or pretending to?

The Australian journal of physiotherapy·2015
Same journal

Are we on the right track?

The Australian journal of physiotherapy·2015
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Electrophysiological Methods to Assess Peripheral Pain Block in an Anesthetized Rat
08:05

Electrophysiological Methods to Assess Peripheral Pain Block in an Anesthetized Rat

Published on: November 21, 2025

339

Electro-analgesia.

F R Berry, W B Conolly, J G Mcleod

    The Australian Journal of Physiotherapy
    |July 16, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Electro-analgesia effectively treated peripheral nerve pain and hypersensitivity in 19 patients. This study explored electrical stimulation for pain management, building on established theories.

    More Related Videos

    Breathing-controlled Electrical Stimulation BreEStim for Management of Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity
    11:34

    Breathing-controlled Electrical Stimulation BreEStim for Management of Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity

    Published on: January 10, 2013

    25.3K
    Electrode Positioning and Montage in Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
    12:00

    Electrode Positioning and Montage in Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

    Published on: May 23, 2011

    268.8K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Apr 27, 2026

    Electrophysiological Methods to Assess Peripheral Pain Block in an Anesthetized Rat
    08:05

    Electrophysiological Methods to Assess Peripheral Pain Block in an Anesthetized Rat

    Published on: November 21, 2025

    339
    Breathing-controlled Electrical Stimulation BreEStim for Management of Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity
    11:34

    Breathing-controlled Electrical Stimulation BreEStim for Management of Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity

    Published on: January 10, 2013

    25.3K
    Electrode Positioning and Montage in Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
    12:00

    Electrode Positioning and Montage in Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

    Published on: May 23, 2011

    268.8K

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Pain Management
    • Biomedical Engineering

    Background:

    • Peripheral nerve pain and hypersensitivity present significant clinical challenges.
    • Established theories, such as Melzack and Wall's (1965) gate control theory, provide a rationale for non-invasive pain interventions.
    • Previous research by Meyer and Field (1972) informed the selection of electrical stimulation parameters.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the efficacy of electro-analgesia for treating peripheral nerve pain and hypersensitivity.
    • To apply specific electrical stimulation parameters based on prior research in a clinical setting.

    Main Methods:

    • Nineteen patients experiencing peripheral nerve pain or hypersensitivity were enrolled.
    • Treatment involved electro-analgesia administered in a hospital physiotherapy department.
    • A GRASS S48 stimulator delivered a unidirectional square wave current (0.1 ms pulse length, 100 Hz frequency) via silver plate or wire electrodes.

    Main Results:

    • The study treated 19 patients with peripheral nerve pain or hypersensitivity using electro-analgesia.
    • Specific electrical parameters (0.1 ms pulse length, 100 Hz frequency) were utilized.
    • Electrodes included twin silver plates or silver wire configurations.

    Conclusions:

    • Electro-analgesia was employed as a treatment modality for peripheral nerve pain.
    • The study utilized specific electrical stimulation parameters and electrode designs.
    • Findings contribute to the understanding of electrical stimulation in pain management.