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Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery
Published on: January 22, 2015
Combination of ion exchange and partial nitritation/Anammox process for ammonium removal from mainstream municipal
Andriy Malovanyy1, Elzbieta Plaza2, Jozef Trela2
1Department of Sustainable Technology, Environmental Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Teknikringen 76, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden E-mail: andriym@kth.se; Department of Industrial Ecology and Sustainable Environmental Management, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Bandery 12, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine.
Abstract:
In this study, a new technology of nitrogen removal from mainstream municipal wastewater is proposed. It is based on ammonium removal by ion exchange and regeneration of ion exchange material with 10-30 g/L NaCl solution with further nitrogen removal from spent regenerant by partial nitritation/Anammox process. Influence of regenerant strength on performance of ion exchange and biological parts of the proposed technology was evaluated. Moreover, the technology was tested in batch mode using pretreated municipal wastewater, strong acid cation (SAC) resin and partial nitritation/Anammox biomass. It was shown that with ion exchange it is possible to remove 99.9% of ammonium from wastewater while increasing the concentration of ammonium in spent regenerant by 18 times. Up to 95% of nitrogen from spent regenerant, produced by regeneration of SAC resin with 10 g/L NaCl solution, was removed biologically by partial nitritation/Anammox biomass. Moreover, the possibilities of integration of the technology into municipal wastewater treatment technology, and the challenges and advantages are discussed.
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