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Related Concept Videos

Weak Acid Solutions04:02

Weak Acid Solutions

31.3K
Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...
31.3K
Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

23.3K
An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
23.3K
Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH4 Reduction01:19

Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH4 Reduction

3.3K
Acid halides are reduced to alcohols in the presence of a strong reducing agent like lithium aluminum hydride.
The mechanism proceeds in three steps. First, the nucleophilic hydride ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid halide to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Next, the carbonyl group is re-formed, and the halide ion departs as a leaving group, generating an aldehyde. A second nucleophilic attack by the hydride yields an alkoxide ion, which, upon protonation, gives a primary alcohol as...
3.3K
Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

14.2K
Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
14.2K
Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

34.0K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
34.0K
Esters to Alcohols: Hydride Reductions01:17

Esters to Alcohols: Hydride Reductions

4.0K
Esters are reduced to primary alcohols when treated with a strong reducing agent like lithium aluminum hydride. The reaction requires two equivalents of the reducing agent and proceeds via an aldehyde intermediate.
Lithium aluminum hydride is a source of hydride ions and functions as a nucleophile. The mechanism proceeds in three steps. Firstly, the nucleophilic hydride ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the ester to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Subsequently, the carbonyl group re-forms,...
4.0K

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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

Published on: August 12, 2013

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Lithium hydroxide, LiOH, at elevated densities.

Andreas Hermann1, N W Ashcroft2, Roald Hoffmann3

  • 1School of Physics and Astronomy and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|July 17, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-pressure studies reveal new crystalline lithium hydroxide (LiOH) structures. These findings advance understanding of LiOH

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1,3,5-Triphenylbenzene and Corannulene as Electron Receptors for Lithium Solvated Electron Solutions
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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Lithium hydroxide (LiOH) exhibits complex behavior under pressure.
  • Understanding its high-pressure phases is crucial for materials science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the high-pressure structural phases of crystalline LiOH.
  • To characterize the unique bonding and phase transitions in LiOH.

Main Methods:

  • First-principles calculations
  • Evolutionary structure searches
  • High-pressure experimental data analysis

Main Results:

  • Reproduced known LiOH phase transitions and proposed a new tetragonal structure for LiOH-III.
  • Predicted a novel Pbcm-LiOH-IV phase stable over a wide pressure range (starting at 17 GPa).
  • Identified a unique polymeric ground state at 1100 GPa with a graphitic oxygen-hydrogen net.

Conclusions:

  • LiOH displays unique structural characteristics due to its combined ionic and hydrogen bonding.
  • Metallization of LiOH is significantly delayed, with its band gap increasing even at TPa pressures.