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Elite athletes refine their internal clocks.

Yin-Hua Chen1, Paola Cesari

  • 1Research Center for Mind, Brain and Learning, National Chengchi University, Taipei City, Taiwan, and the Dept. of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.

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This study reveals two internal clocks for time perception: one fast for sub-second intervals and another slow for longer durations. Elite athletes exhibit superior time estimation, especially for rapid events, due to enhanced perceptual and motor skills.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Chronobiology
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • The existence of a single internal clock for time evaluation across different scales is increasingly challenged.
  • Accurate time evaluation is fundamental for various human activities, from basic behaviors to complex motor skills.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether distinct internal clocks govern time perception in sub-second and supra-second ranges.
  • To examine the impact of long-term sports training on the precision of these internal time-keeping mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of time estimation accuracy and variability between elite athletes and non-athletes.
  • Assessment of performance across both sub-second and supra-second time durations.

Main Results:

  • Evidence supports the existence of two distinct internal clocks: a faster one for sub-second durations and a slower one for supra-second durations.
  • Elite athletes demonstrate significantly higher accuracy and lower variability in time estimation compared to non-athletes, particularly for sub-second intervals.
  • Improved time estimation in athletes is linked to their advanced perceptual and motor abilities in fast-paced actions.

Conclusions:

  • Human time perception relies on at least two distinct internal clock systems operating at different speeds.
  • Long-term sports training enhances the precision of these internal clocks, especially for rapid temporal judgments.
  • The findings suggest a strong connection between athletic training, enhanced motor control, and superior time perception abilities.