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Related Concept Videos

Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

109.2K
Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....
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Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

11.8K
A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

2.6K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
2.6K
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

12.3K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
12.3K
Chemiosmosis01:32

Chemiosmosis

84.8K
Oxidative phosphorylation is a highly efficient process that generates large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the basic unit of energy that drives many cellular processes. Oxidative phosphorylation involves two processes— the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.
Electron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain involves a series of protein complexes on the inner mitochondrial membrane that undergo a series of redox reactions. At the end of this chain, the electrons...
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Acid Halides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis01:01

Acid Halides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis

2.7K
Hydrolysis of acid halides is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which acid halides react with water to give carboxylic acids. The reaction occurs readily and does not require acid or a base catalyst.
As shown below, the mechanism involves a nucleophilic attack by water at the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the reformation of the carbon–oxygen π bond along with the departure of a halide ion. A final proton transfer step yields...
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Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions
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Cobaloxime-based artificial hydrogenases.

Marine Bacchi1, Gustav Berggren, Jens Niklas

  • 1Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA , 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France.

Inorganic Chemistry
|July 17, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biohybrid catalysts merge cobaloximes with sperm whale myoglobin for efficient hydrogen evolution in water. These artificial hydrogenases offer a stable, aqueous-compatible alternative for sustainable hydrogen production.

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A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions
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Area of Science:

  • Bioinorganic Chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Cobaloximes are established molecular catalysts for hydrogen (H2) evolution.
  • Current research primarily focuses on their application under nonaqueous conditions.
  • There is a need for efficient H2 evolution catalysts in neutral aqueous solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of cobaloximes in neutral aqueous solutions for H2 evolution.
  • To design and prepare novel biohybrid catalysts by integrating cobaloxime moieties with apo Sperm-whale myoglobin (SwMb).
  • To characterize the structure, stability, and catalytic activity of these biohybrid species.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of two biohybrid species by binding {Co(dmgH)2} and {Co(dmgBF2)2} (dmgH2 = dimethylglyoxime) to apo SwMb.
  • Spectroscopic analysis to confirm the insertion and coordination of cobaloxime moieties within the SwMb binding pocket.
  • Quantum chemical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) docking calculations to determine coordination preferences of histidine residues.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized stable biohybrid complexes where cobaloxime units are coordinated to histidine residues within SwMb.
  • Spectroscopic data and docking calculations confirmed the preferential coordination to His93 in the SwMb binding pocket.
  • The biohybrid complexes retained the redox activity of the cobalt centers, enabling catalytic H2 evolution in near-neutral aqueous conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Cobaloxime-SwMb biohybrids are effective artificial hydrogenases for H2 evolution in neutral aqueous solutions.
  • The protein environment of SwMb stabilizes the cobaloxime catalyst and facilitates its function in water.
  • These findings highlight the potential of biohybrid systems for developing robust and efficient catalysts for sustainable energy applications.