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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

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Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
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Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

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Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH...
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Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

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Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
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Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

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Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor,...
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Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

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Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence...
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The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
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Thyroid dysfunction during severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. A case report.

Tomasz Skweres, Dariusz Wójcik, Rafał Ciepłuch

    Ginekologia Polska
    |July 18, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Thyroid dysfunction during ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) requires careful management. This case highlights the need to monitor thyroid function closely in women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH).

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    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive Endocrinology
    • Thyroidology

    Background:

    • Thyroid disorders are common in women desiring conception and during pregnancy.
    • Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a serious complication of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH).

    Observation:

    • A patient with subclinical hypothyroidism developed severe OHSS during COH, leading to overt hypothyroidism.
    • Initial management involved increased L-thyroxine (L-T4) dosage, followed by iodine supplementation due to clinical deterioration.
    • Post-OHSS, the patient experienced gestational hyperthyroidism, necessitating L-T4 dose reduction and iodine cessation.

    Findings:

    • Thyroid dysfunction, including hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, can occur in severe OHSS.
    • Management requires individualized adjustments to L-thyroxine and iodine supplementation based on clinical and biochemical status.
    • Thyroid function normalized by 20 weeks of gestation with continued L-T4 and iodine therapy.

    Implications:

    • This case underscores the complex interplay between OHSS and thyroid function in assisted reproduction.
    • Close monitoring and tailored therapeutic decisions are crucial for managing thyroid dysfunction in OHSS patients.
    • Further research is needed to fully understand and optimize treatment strategies for thyroid disorders in OHSS.