[Retinopathy of prematurity. Part I]

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Neonatology
• Developmental Biology

Background:

• Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a significant cause of visual impairment in premature infants.
• It involves abnormal development of the eye's blood vessels in immature newborns.
• Early detection and management are crucial to prevent vision loss.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of retinopathy of prematurity.
• To detail the incidence, risk factors, and underlying pathophysiology of ROP.
• To explain the international classification of retinopathy of prematurity (ICROP).

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing studies on ROP.
• Synthesis of data on ROP incidence and risk factors.
• Analysis of the pathophysiology and diagnostic criteria for ROP.

Main Results:

• ROP incidence varies globally, influenced by factors like gestational age and neonatal care.
• Key risk factors include extreme prematurity, oxygen exposure, and infection.
• The international classification (ICROP) provides standardized criteria for staging ROP severity.

Conclusions:

• Understanding ROP's incidence, risk factors, and pathophysiology is essential for effective prevention and treatment.
• Consistent application of the ICROP system aids in standardized diagnosis and research.
• Continued research is needed to improve outcomes for premature infants affected by ROP.