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The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
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The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are...
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Cell and tissue engineering for liver disease.

Sangeeta N Bhatia1, Gregory H Underhill2, Kenneth S Zaret3

  • 1Institute for Medical Engineering & Science at MIT, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, David H. Koch Institute at MIT, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Division of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. sbhatia@mit.edu.

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Advances in liver physiology and stem cell biology are speeding up cell-based therapies for liver disease and failure. This review explores future prospects and clinical translation challenges for these innovative treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • The liver's complex structure and function present significant challenges for therapeutic development.
  • Liver disease and liver failure affect a large population globally, necessitating novel treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state and future prospects of cell-based therapies for liver disease.
  • To discuss the challenges associated with the clinical translation of these advanced therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent advancements in liver physiology.
  • Analysis of stem cell biology and reprogramming techniques.
  • Evaluation of tissue and device engineering progress.

Main Results:

  • Progress in multiple scientific fields is accelerating the development of cell-based liver therapies.
  • Both near-term and long-term therapeutic strategies are being explored.

Conclusions:

  • Cell-based therapies hold significant promise for treating liver disease and failure.
  • Overcoming unique challenges is crucial for successful clinical translation of these therapies.