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Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Circadian clock: linking epigenetics to aging.

Ricardo Orozco-Solis1, Paolo Sassone-Corsi1

  • 1Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States.

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Aging erodes circadian rhythms, impacting health. Targeting nutrient-sensing pathways alongside the circadian clock may offer new therapies to combat aging effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Aging research
  • Cellular metabolism

Background:

  • Circadian rhythms govern physiological processes but weaken with age.
  • Disrupting clock genes accelerates aging-related phenotypes.
  • Environmental factors like caloric restriction influence aging and circadian function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the interplay between circadian rhythms, nutrient-sensing pathways, and aging.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for age-related decline.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on circadian biology, aging, and nutrient sensing.
  • Analysis of intracellular pathways involving SIRT and mTOR complexes.
  • Examination of epigenetic and cellular mechanisms linking clock function and aging.

Main Results:

  • Circadian rhythm robustness declines during aging.
  • Nutrient-sensing pathways (SIRT, mTOR) are implicated in both aging and clock control.
  • Evidence suggests a convergence of aging and circadian regulation within these pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Therapeutic strategies targeting both the circadian clock and nutrient-sensing pathways show promise.
  • Interventions modulating these interconnected systems may mitigate negative aging effects.
  • Further research into these pathways could lead to novel anti-aging interventions.