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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Atypical antidepressants, including bupropion (Wellbutrin), mirtazapine (Remeron), nefazodone (Serzone), trazodone (Desyrel), and vilazodone (Viibryd), offer unique mechanisms of action. Bupropion weakly inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, aiding depression treatment and smoking cessation, with a low risk of sexual dysfunction. Mirtazapine enhances serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmission, leading to sedation, increased appetite, and weight gain. As a result, it helps treat...
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Biotin-based Pulldown Assay to Validate mRNA Targets of Cellular miRNAs
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MicroRNA-mediated repression combats depression.

Mary P Heyer1, Paul J Kenny1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA.

Neuron
|July 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) long-term effects are unclear. A new study identifies microRNA-135a in the raphe nuclei as crucial for SSRI antidepressant actions.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are widely used antidepressants.
  • The precise molecular mechanisms underlying their long-term therapeutic effects remain incompletely understood.
  • Serotonin transmission plays a critical role in mood regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular underpinnings of SSRI long-term action.
  • To investigate the role of microRNAs in the therapeutic effects of SSRIs.
  • To identify novel molecular targets involved in antidepressant mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the expression of microRNA-135a in the raphe nuclei.
  • Utilized molecular biology techniques to assess the impact of microRNA-135a on serotonin transmission.

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  • Examined the effects of manipulating microRNA-135a levels on behavioral outcomes in preclinical models.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified a significant role for microRNA-135a in the raphe nuclei.
    • Demonstrated that microRNA-135a is a key regulator of molecular mechanisms underlying SSRI efficacy.
    • Showcased the involvement of microRNA-135a in mediating long-term adaptations in serotonin transmission.

    Conclusions:

    • MicroRNA-135a is a critical molecular component in the therapeutic action of SSRIs.
    • This finding provides new insights into the neurobiology of depression and antidepressant treatment.
    • MicroRNA-135a represents a potential novel target for future antidepressant drug development.