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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Brain State-dependent Brain Stimulation with Real-time Electroencephalography-Triggered Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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Controlling brain states.

Corbett Bennett1, Sergio Arroyo1, Shaul Hestrin1

  • 1Department of Comparative Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Edwards Building room: R314 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford CA 94305-5342.

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|July 18, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Locomotion enhances visual processing in mouse V1 neurons. Optogenetic stimulation of a brainstem locomotion area replicates this effect on sensory processing.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory Processing
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Locomotion significantly impacts sensory perception.
  • The primary visual cortex (V1) shows altered responses during movement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural mechanisms linking locomotion and sensory processing.
  • To determine if brainstem motor areas influence V1 sensory responses.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo electrophysiology in mice.
  • Optogenetic stimulation of brainstem locomotor regions.
  • Visual stimulation and response recording in V1.

Main Results:

  • Neuronal responses in V1 to visual stimuli were enhanced during locomotion.
  • Subthreshold optogenetic activation of a specific brainstem area mimicked the effect of locomotion on V1 responses.

Conclusions:

  • Locomotion exerts a top-down influence on sensory processing in V1.
  • Brainstem motor circuits play a role in modulating sensory cortical activity.