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Related Concept Videos

Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

15.2K
Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
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Membrane Proteins01:30

Membrane Proteins

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Plasma membranes have integral transmembrane proteins involved in facilitated transport. These proteins are collectively referred to as transport proteins, and they function as either channels for the material or as carriers themselves. Channel proteins have hydrophilic domains exposed to the intracellular and extracellular fluids and a hydrophilic channel through their core that provides a hydrated opening for solutes to pass through the membrane layers. Passage through the channel allows...
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Carbohydrate Absorption01:25

Carbohydrate Absorption

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Carbohydrates are essential macronutrients that serve as the body's primary energy source. Their digestion begins in the mouth, where salivary amylase partially breaks down complex carbohydrates such as starch into smaller oligosaccharides. This mechanical and enzymatic activity prepares carbohydrates for further processing in the gastrointestinal tract.
After being swallowed, the partially digested carbohydrates mix with gastric secretions in the stomach. However, the acidic environment...
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Yeast Signaling01:28

Yeast Signaling

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Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
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Transcellular Transport of Solutes01:23

Transcellular Transport of Solutes

4.0K
Transcellular transport of solutes is the movement of substances like monosaccharides and amino acids through polarized cells. This transport mechanism is primarily seen in epithelial and endothelial cells aided by membrane transport proteins such as channels and transporters. The tight junctions between these cells confine the membrane proteins to the two sides of the cell. The epithelial cells have distinct apical and basolateral domains. In contrast, the endothelial cells show the luminal...
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Secondary Active Transport01:55

Secondary Active Transport

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One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
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[Fructose transporter in yeasts].

Zbigniew Lazar, Adam Dobrowolski, Małgorzata Robak

    Postepy Biochemii
    |July 19, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study compares fructose transporters in various yeasts and fungi. Five of six identified yeast transporters are fructose-specific, aiding in sugar uptake and metabolism understanding.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Molecular Biology
    • Microbiology

    Background:

    • Hexose transporters facilitate sugar uptake in organisms, with over 20 known transporters belonging to the Sugar Porter family and Major Facilitator Superfamily.
    • Genome analysis reveals a significant number of potential sugar porter proteins (17-48) in various yeast species.
    • While glucose transporters in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are well-characterized, fructose transporters require further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present and compare hexose transporters responsible for fructose assimilation in different yeast and fungal species.
    • To identify fructose-specific transporters and elucidate their transport mechanisms (facilitated diffusion or proton symport).
    • To contribute to the understanding of monosaccharide uptake and metabolism, relevant even for higher eukaryotes.

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    Applications of pHluorin for Quantitative, Kinetic and High-throughput Analysis of Endocytosis in Budding Yeast
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    Expression and Purification of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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    Main Methods:

    • Comparative analysis of hexose transporter genes and proteins across selected yeast and fungal species.
    • Identification of fructose-specific transporters based on substrate specificity and sequence homology.
    • Characterization of transport mechanisms, including facilitated diffusion and proton symport.

    Main Results:

    • Six yeast transporters responsible for fructose assimilation were identified and compared.
    • Five of these six yeast transporters were found to be fructose-specific.
    • Fructose-specific transporters were characterized in Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, Zygosaccharomyces bailli, Kluyveromyces lactis, Saccharomyces pastorianus, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae winemaking strain, and also in the fungus Botrytis cinerea and human (Glut5p).

    Conclusions:

    • The study highlights the diversity and specificity of fructose transporters in yeasts and fungi.
    • Identified fructose-specific transporters operate via facilitated diffusion or proton symport mechanisms.
    • Understanding these yeast monosaccharide transporters provides insights into sugar uptake and metabolism applicable to higher eukaryotes.