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Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Imaging Ca2+ Dynamics in Cone Photoreceptor Axon Terminals of the Mouse Retina

Imaging Ca2+ Dynamics in Cone Photoreceptor Axon Terminals of the Mouse Retina

Published on: May 6, 2015

A mouse model for studying cone photoreceptor pathologies.

Marijana Samardzija¹, Christian Caprara², Severin R Heynen³

¹Laboratory for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science

|July 19, 2014

Summary

A new mouse model with a functional all-cone retina was developed. This model, R91W;Nrl(-/-), is crucial for studying cone degeneration diseases.

Keywords:

AMD RPE65 cone cell death mouse model

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Mouse Eye Enucleation for Remote High-throughput Phenotyping

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Last Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Imaging Ca2+ Dynamics in Cone Photoreceptor Axon Terminals of the Mouse Retina

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Published on: May 6, 2015

Where You Cut Matters: A Dissection and Analysis Guide for the Spatial Orientation of the Mouse Retina from Ocular Landmarks

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Mouse Eye Enucleation for Remote High-throughput Phenotyping

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Published on: November 19, 2011

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology and visual neuroscience
Genetics and animal models
Photoreceptor biology

Background:

Cone photoreceptor degeneration is poorly understood due to limited animal models.
Nrl knockout mice exclusively develop cone photoreceptors but have abnormal retinal morphology.
Previous models like Rpe65(-/-);Nrl(-/-) lacked function and had no rosettes.

Purpose of the Study:

To create a functional, morphologically well-structured all-cone retina mouse model.
To enable the study of cone degeneration mechanisms and related diseases.
To generate R91W;Nrl(-/-) double-mutant mice expressing a hypomorphic Rpe65 allele.

Main Methods:

Morphological analysis (light and electron microscopy).
Functional assessment (electroretinography, optomotor response).
Molecular and biochemical analyses (immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, HPLC).

Main Results:

The R91W;Nrl(-/-) all-cone retina is functional and stable with minimal degeneration.
Reduced visual chromophore levels prevented rosette formation and maintained retinal function.
Cone degeneration was successfully induced and analyzed in modified mutant lines.

Conclusions:

The R91W;Nrl(-/-) mouse model provides a functional, morphologically intact all-cone retina.
This model is valuable for investigating the causes of cone degeneration diseases.
Reduced chromophore levels are key to preventing structural defects and maintaining function.