Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

189
Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
189
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

9
Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
9
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

10
Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
10
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

17
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
17
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

10
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
10
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

52
Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
52

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A randomized controlled Phase I de-escalation trial of molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir combination for mild-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy·2026
Same author

A Comprehensive Total Body Perfusion Strategy vs Conventional Techniques in Elective Aortic Arch Surgery: A Comparative Analysis.

Interdisciplinary cardiovascular and thoracic surgery·2026
Same author

Perforated Duodenal Ulcer in the Immediate Postpartum Period: Diagnostic Pitfalls Following Caesarean Delivery.

Cureus·2026
Same author

TENDINopathy Severity Assessment - Patellar (TENDINS-P): Development and Content Validity Assessment of a New Patient-Reported Outcome Measure for Patellar Tendinopathy.

The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy·2026
Same author

Optimal Dose and Safety of Intravenous Favipiravir in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: A Dose-Escalating, Randomized Controlled Phase Ib Study.

Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics·2026
Same author

A synthetic control study of the effects of comprehensive background check policies on non-fatal firearm crime in five states.

Injury epidemiology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain
05:51

Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain

Published on: July 24, 2016

19.1K

Confirmed viral meningitis with normal CSF findings.

Naghum Dawood1, Edouard Desjobert1, Janine Lumley1

  • 1Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.

BMJ Case Reports
|July 19, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A young woman experienced meningitis-like symptoms after traveling to Peru. Enterovirus RNA was detected in her cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), confirming a viral central nervous system infection despite normal initial CSF tests.

More Related Videos

Isolating Central Nervous System Tissues and Associated Meninges for the Downstream Analysis of Immune cells
09:35

Isolating Central Nervous System Tissues and Associated Meninges for the Downstream Analysis of Immune cells

Published on: May 19, 2020

10.2K
Isolation of Brain-infiltrating Leukocytes
06:44

Isolation of Brain-infiltrating Leukocytes

Published on: June 13, 2011

18.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain
05:51

Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain

Published on: July 24, 2016

19.1K
Isolating Central Nervous System Tissues and Associated Meninges for the Downstream Analysis of Immune cells
09:35

Isolating Central Nervous System Tissues and Associated Meninges for the Downstream Analysis of Immune cells

Published on: May 19, 2020

10.2K
Isolation of Brain-infiltrating Leukocytes
06:44

Isolation of Brain-infiltrating Leukocytes

Published on: June 13, 2011

18.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

  • Central nervous system infections can present with diverse clinical syndromes.
  • Meningitis is inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
  • Viral meningitis often requires specific diagnostic methods beyond standard microscopy.

Observation:

  • An 18-year-old woman presented with headache, photophobia, feverishness, and vomiting post-travel from Peru.
  • Clinical examination revealed meningism, but initial blood tests and neuroimaging were unremarkable.
  • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, including microscopy, protein, and glucose levels, showed no abnormalities.

Findings:

  • Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detected enterovirus RNA in the CSF.
  • The patient's clinical presentation was consistent with viral meningitis caused by enterovirus.
  • Symptoms were self-limiting and resolved with supportive care.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the utility of molecular diagnostics like RT-PCR in identifying viral central nervous system infections.
  • It underscores that viral meningitis can present with normal routine CSF microscopy findings.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis through molecular methods is essential for appropriate management of viral CNS infections.