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Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Isolation, Characterization, and Purification of Macrophages from Tissues Affected by Obesity-related Inflammation
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Isolation, Characterization, and Purification of Macrophages from Tissues Affected by Obesity-related Inflammation

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Macrophages, immunity, and metabolic disease.

Joanne C McNelis1, Jerrold M Olefsky1

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.

Immunity
|July 19, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Chronic inflammation in fat tissue drives type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. Macrophages are key immune cells linking obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance, with new therapeutic targets emerging.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Metabolism
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are linked by chronic, low-grade adipose tissue inflammation.
  • Macrophages are critical immune cells mediating inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity.
  • Understanding immune cell dynamics in adipose tissue is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the link between macrophages, obesity, and insulin resistance.
  • To highlight immune cell regulation of adipose tissue inflammation.
  • To describe mechanisms of inflammation-induced insulin resistance and identify therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on adipose tissue inflammation.
  • Analysis of macrophage function in obesity and T2D.

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  • Discussion of immune cell interactions and regulatory mechanisms.

    • Main Results:

    • Adipose tissue inflammation, driven by macrophages, is a key factor in obesity-related insulin resistance.
    • Specific immune cell populations dynamically regulate adipose tissue inflammation.
    • Mechanisms linking inflammation to insulin resistance are elucidated.

    Conclusions:

    • Macrophages play a central role in the inflammatory processes linking obesity to insulin resistance.
    • Targeting immune cell regulation in adipose tissue offers potential therapeutic strategies for T2D and obesity.