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Related Concept Videos

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

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The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...
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Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

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Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
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Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
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Related Experiment Video

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Detection of Anti-MDA5 Autoantibodies Using HeLa Cells and Immunocytochemistry with Light Microscopy
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Detection of Anti-MDA5 Autoantibodies Using HeLa Cells and Immunocytochemistry with Light Microscopy

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Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.

Mazen M Dimachkie1, Richard J Barohn2, Anthony A Amato3

  • 1Neurophysiology Division, Neuromuscular Section, Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Mail Stop 2012, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.

Neurologic Clinics
|July 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are rare autoimmune muscle disorders. This review covers dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and necrotizing myopathy, exploring their pathophysiology and treatments.

Keywords:
Clinical presentationDermatomyositisDiagnosisInclusion body myositisNecrotizing myopathyPathologyPolymyositisTreatment

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Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies
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Related Experiment Videos

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Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies
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Immunolabelling Myofiber Degeneration in Muscle Biopsies

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology and Neurology
  • Autoimmune Diseases
  • Muscle Disorders

Background:

  • Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are rare, heterogeneous autoimmune disorders.
  • Characterized by proximal muscle weakness, with exceptions like inclusion body myositis.
  • Exhibit heterogeneity in histopathology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and treatment response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of IIM pathophysiology.
  • To examine established and emerging therapies for IIM.
  • To focus on dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and necrotizing myopathy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advances in IIM.
  • Synthesis of information on pathophysiology.
  • Analysis of current and promising therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Significant advances have been made in understanding IIM pathophysiology.
  • Current therapies show variable efficacy.
  • Promising new treatments are under investigation.

Conclusions:

  • IIM remain complex disorders requiring tailored treatment approaches.
  • Further research is crucial for improved management of IIM.
  • Advances in understanding pathophysiology are paving the way for novel therapies.