Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Equivalent Couples

Equivalent Couples

In mechanical engineering, the concept of equivalent couples plays a crucial role in understanding and analyzing various mechanical systems.
Two couples are considered to be equivalent if they produce the same rotational effect on a rigid body. In other words, the two couples have the same magnitude and act in the same direction, causing the same angular displacement or acceleration in the body.
For instance, consider two couples lying in the plane of the page, with one having a pair of equal...

Couple

Couple

A couple is a pair of parallel forces equal in magnitude but in opposite directions. The forces are separated by a perpendicular distance, known as the couple's arm. The couple causes a rotation force or moment that rotates the body about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the forces. The resulting moment is referred to as the couple moment. The SI unit of a couple moment is the Newton-meter (N-m).
A typical example to understand this concept is tightening a bolt with a lug wrench. A...

Sign Test for Matched Pairs

Sign Test for Matched Pairs

The sign test for matched pairs offers a robust method for comparing two paired samples, often for the effects of an intervention in one of them. This method is very useful in situations where the underlying distribution of the data is unknown. The test compares two related samples—often pre- and post-treatment measurements on the same subjects—to determine if there are significant differences in their median values.
To conduct the sign test, we first calculate the differences in...

Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test for Matched Pairs

Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test for Matched Pairs

The Wilcoxon signed-rank test for matched pairs evaluates the null hypothesis by combining the ranks of differences with their signs. It essentially tests whether the median of the differences in a population of matched pairs is zero. Since the test incorporates more information than the sign test, it generally yields more trustable conclusions. This test also does not require the data to follow a normal distribution, but two conditions must be met for it to be applicable: (1) the data must...

Moment of a Couple: Problem Solving

Moment of a Couple: Problem Solving

The moment of couple is an essential concept in physics and engineering, used to calculate the rotational force, or torque, that is created when a couple —two equal and opposite forces—acts on an object.
The moment of a couple is found by multiplying the magnitude of one of the forces by the perpendicular distance between the line of action of the two forces. This creates a twisting force, which can be used to rotate an object. The moment of a couple is used to solve problems...

Relationship Formation

Relationship Formation

What do you think is the single most influential factor in determining with whom you become friends and whom you form romantic relationships? You might be surprised to learn that the answer is simple: the people with whom you have the most contact. This most important factor is proximity. You are more likely to be friends with people you have regular contact with. For example, there are decades of research that shows that you are more likely to become friends with people who live in your dorm,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

REC8-Cohesin Preferentially Localizes to Promoters of Genes that are Regulated by Transcription Suppressor BEND2 During Early Meiosis.

Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics·2025

Same author

CRISPR-based screening identifies the role of KRAB-containing transcription factors ZIM3 and ZNF394 in human major zygotic genome activation.

Cell reports·2025

Same author

Identification of Pan-Coronavirus Neutralizing Aptamers Through CRISmers Targeting the Conserved Fusion Peptide.

Advanced healthcare materials·2025

Same author

BRCA1 preserves genome integrity during the formation of undifferentiated spermatogonia.

EMBO reports·2025

Same author

A CRISPR/Cas9-based kinome screen identifies ErbB signaling as a new regulator of human naïve pluripotency and totipotency.

Life medicine·2025

Same author

Single-cell transcriptomic and cross-species comparison analyses reveal distinct molecular changes of porcine testes during puberty.

Communications biology·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Methods of Pairing and Pair Maintenance of New Zealand White Rabbits Oryctolagus Cuniculus Via Behavioral Ethogram, Monitoring, and Interventions

Methods of Pairing and Pair Maintenance of New Zealand White Rabbits Oryctolagus Cuniculus Via Behavioral Ethogram, Monitoring, and Interventions

Published on: March 16, 2018

Which one is the real matchmaker for the pair?

Chunsheng Han¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.

Asian Journal of Andrology

|July 20, 2014

Summary

Meiosis relies on chromosome architecture, not just DNA sequences, for homologous chromosome pairing. A meiosis-specific cohesin protein, RAD21L, is key for homology searching, independent of DNA double-strand breaks or nuclear envelope proteins.

More Related Videos

Identification of Protein Interacting Partners Using Tandem Affinity Purification

Identification of Protein Interacting Partners Using Tandem Affinity Purification

Published on: February 25, 2012

Virtual Agent for Real-Time Motivational Interviewing by Integrating Adaptive Nonverbal Behavior and Language Models

Virtual Agent for Real-Time Motivational Interviewing by Integrating Adaptive Nonverbal Behavior and Language Models

Published on: December 23, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Methods of Pairing and Pair Maintenance of New Zealand White Rabbits Oryctolagus Cuniculus Via Behavioral Ethogram, Monitoring, and Interventions

Methods of Pairing and Pair Maintenance of New Zealand White Rabbits Oryctolagus Cuniculus Via Behavioral Ethogram, Monitoring, and Interventions

Published on: March 16, 2018

Identification of Protein Interacting Partners Using Tandem Affinity Purification

Identification of Protein Interacting Partners Using Tandem Affinity Purification

Published on: February 25, 2012

Virtual Agent for Real-Time Motivational Interviewing by Integrating Adaptive Nonverbal Behavior and Language Models

Virtual Agent for Real-Time Motivational Interviewing by Integrating Adaptive Nonverbal Behavior and Language Models

Published on: December 23, 2025

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Genetics
Molecular Biology

Background:

Homologous chromosome pairing is essential for accurate meiosis, ensuring genetic diversity through recombination and proper segregation.
The mechanisms guiding homologous chromosome recognition and pairing remain incompletely understood.
While homologous sequence interaction is intuitive, other factors like cohesins are increasingly implicated.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of chromosome architecture in homologous chromosome pairing during meiosis.
To determine if meiosis-specific cohesin RAD21L is critical for homology searching.
To examine the dependence of homologous pairing on SPO11-mediated DNA double-strand breaks and SUN1-mediated nuclear envelope interactions.

Main Methods:

The study likely involved genetic and cell biological approaches in a model organism to analyze chromosome behavior during meiosis.
Investigated the impact of RAD21L, SPO11, and SUN1 on homologous pairing and recombination.
Microscopic and molecular techniques were probably employed to assess chromosome structure and interactions.

Main Results:

Chromosome architecture, specifically defined by the meiosis-specific cohesin RAD21L, is identified as crucial for homology searching.
Homologous pairing was found to be independent of SPO11, the enzyme initiating DNA double-strand breaks.
Pairing was also independent of SUN1, a protein linking chromosome ends to the nuclear envelope.

Conclusions:

Meiosis-specific cohesin RAD21L dictates chromosome architecture, playing a central role in homology searching.
Homologous pairing during meiosis is not solely dependent on DNA sequence homology or the initiation of DNA double-strand breaks.
These findings challenge previous assumptions and highlight the importance of higher-order chromosome structure in meiotic processes.